Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

邪教“法轮功”消极影响的社会心理学探析

文章从社会心理学的角度 ,探寻了“法轮功”消极影响形成的主、客观原因 ,并且从社会和个人两方面提出了应对措施 :避免规范失衡的长期存在 ,培养人们正确的归因模式和认知的独立性。     

开设心理素质教育与训练课程的构想

司法警察院校的学生是未来的监狱、劳教人民警察,其素质的高低,特别是心理素质状况直接关系到日后的工作质量、执法水平。司法警察院校有必要开设“心理素质教育与训练”课程,并在教与学、学与训中不断完善其课程体系。     

从"五项因素公式"看社会心理的重要地位和作用

本文通过对普列汉诺夫"五项因素公式"的分析,深入探讨了社会心理作为一个独立要素在社会结构中的重要地位和作用,提出重视并加强社会心理的研究,不仅对丰富和发展唯物史观具有重要的理论价值,而且对正确引导社会心理健康发展,以推进和深化改革也具有重大的实践意义.     

An Evaluation of the Use of Videotaped Evidence for Juvenile Witnesses in Criminal Courts in England and Wales

For the first time, the UK Criminal Justice Act (1991) allowed the videotaped evidence of a child to be substituted for the child's evidence-in-chief in a criminal court. The present study is an evaluation of that legislation. One hundred and fifty children were observed testifying in a criminal court in the UK. The use of the videotaped evidence and subsequent cross-examination of the child witness (usually via the closed circuit television system) was also observed. The data base from the Lord Chancellor's Department of all trials involving child witnesses in England and Wales was also analysed. The results showed that the introduction of the video technology into the criminal courts reduced the levels of stress of child witnesses but did not increase the conviction rates.     

Family Problems and Children's Competencies Over the Early Elementary School Years

SUMMARY

Problems experienced by families from a sample of at-risk, urban children were observed and recorded by social workers over a two year period. Four groups of families were distinguished through social worker case notes based on family problems and needs; families were grouped into stable high needs, stable low needs, change for better and change for worse categories. Children were then followed for three years, from the beginning of kindergarten to the end of second grade, and assessed on classroom competence and academic achievement outcomes. Classroom competence included the teacher's rating of both the child's social skills in the classroom, and the academic competence of the child. Academic achievement included a standardized assessment of both math and reading skills. Results indicated that children from families with stable low needs consistently perform with more competence in the classroom than children from families with stable high needs or those whose need status increased. Children from families with stable high needs score comparably to children from families with stable low needs on math, and no difference between groups were found in reading. Implications of these findings for strengthening family competence is discussed.     

Maltreatment and Family Dysfunction in Childhood and the Subsequent Adjustment of Children and Adults

The adjustment problems associated with sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, and witnessing family violence during childhood were examined in three studies. Study 1 demonstrated significant overlap between maltreatment types in parent reports (N = 50) of maltreatment experiences of their child aged 5–12 years. Parental sexual punitiveness, traditionality, family adaptability and family cohesion significantly predicted scores on 4 maltreatment scales and children's externalizing behavior problems. Level of maltreatment predicted internalizing, externalizing, and sexual behavior problems. In Study 2, significant overlap was found between adults' retrospective reports (N = 138) of all 5 types of maltreating behaviors. Parental sexual punitiveness, traditionality, family adaptability, and family cohesion during childhood predicted the level of maltreatment and current psychopathology. Although child maltreatment scores predicted psychopathology, childhood family variables were better predictors of adjustment. Study 3 demonstrated that child maltreatment scores predicted positive aspects of adult adaptive functioning (N = 95).     

大学生就业心理的特点与自我调适

大学生在就业过程中容易出现各种心理问题,主要有过高期望心理、焦虑和依赖心理及自卑心理。这些问题的解决应主要依靠大学生自己。“调整心态,完善人格”、“提高心理承受力”、“规划职业生涯,发展业务能力”、“调整就业期望值”等措施是帮助大学生进行就业心理问题自我调适的有效方法。     

论素质教育中的情商开发

情商和智商是社会人综合素质水平的相应表现,反映了人的素质的主体,体现着人的综合能力的根本。研究素质教育不能忽视智商和情商因素,实施素质教育离不开智商和情商的开发。本文论述了情商在素质教育中的重要作用,介绍了情商的内涵、情商与智商的相互关系,阐述了大学生应该具备的情商内涵,提出了开发情商的基本思路和策略。     

犯罪与心理——西方犯罪心理学研究的新发展

到20世纪初期,心理学在大学体系中的重要地位已经得到公认。从30年代开始,对行为加以特别强调的经验主义文献大量增长,行为主义将重点放在了环境的作用上,认为行为的起因可以在人的内部找到。首批关于犯罪行为的心理学理论,关注的焦点在个体身上,它们应用了遗传学、智力以及精神机能的有关知识。进入60年代后,行为主义仍然是影响主流心理学研究的主要范式。学习理论的进步被犯罪学家所利用,但是犯罪心理学没有能够与其建立稳固的联系。尽管如此,犯罪学与心理学之间建立富有成果的联系是有可能性的。但是当两门学科的原因论发展到下一个阶段,任何共同性的基础都消失了。