VISITATION AND CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES

Fabricius and Braver argue that nonresident fathers incur appreciable visitation expenses and that their child support obligations should be reduced accordingly. To assess whether fathers incur "appreciable" expenses requires data from mothers and fathers on expenditures in dollar terms rather than data from college students on items kept in the nonresident father's house. The Fabricius and Braver data also overstate the degree to which all divorced fathers do anything for their children. Representative data indicate that father visitation declines substantially over time. Father's postdivorce, post–child support standard of living remains twice that of mothers and children. The cliff model—making adjustments for visitation only in the rare cases of very high shared physical custody—is sensible policy.     

受虐待儿童眼底病理变化研究进展

受虐待儿童眼底病理变化研究进展刘鑫，胡红（北京市高级人民法院；北京１０００３９）ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＮＦＵＮＤＵＳＰＡＴＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＨＩＬＤＡＢＵＳＥ（ＲＥＶＩＥＷ）￥ＬｉｕＸｉｎ；ＨｕＨｏｎｇ（Ｄｐｅａ...     

美育建设的实践依托与社会管理创新目标的实现

对美育建设实践语境中的社会管理如何实现既定目标这一过程性问题,展开具有明确对象的、与亲历者广泛深入的访谈和研究。社会管理的核心问题,是要采取卓有成效的措施,提高广大人民群众的经济收入,进一步夯实其美好生活新期待的物质基础。用富于时代美感的事物滋养人民群众的心田,摒弃一切与社会主义新农村建设相违背的丑恶的思想和行为。要把管理视作服务,并以此为业务的基本依据和出发点,不断地扩大、延伸服务群众的范围和领域,创新服务方式,促进管理者与人民群众的情感交流,增进其和谐。     

CHILD CUSTODY DISPUTES IN FAMILIES OF MUSLIM TRADITION

Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in America and by all accounts, there are 2.35 million Muslims in the country today. Muslims separate and divorce at rates consistent with the general population and almost half of those born in the United States are in relationships with non‐Muslims. It is not surprising that issues of religious education take center stage in child custody disputes. In addition, 64% of foreign Muslims cite the U.S. disrespect for Islam as the overwhelming factor in their resentment for America and Americans and they constitute the greatest potential risk for child abduction of American Muslim children. As more Muslim Americans separate and access the family law courts, we as lawyers, judges and child custody experts must be prepared to address the unique aspects of religion and foreign travel that these families present.     

PARTNERS IN THE PROCESS: HOW ATTORNEYS PREPARE THEIR CLIENTS FOR CUSTODY EVALUATIONS AND LITIGATION

We surveyed 113 family attorneys regarding what they did to prepare their clients for child custody evaluations and litigation. Findings revealed that participants saw child custody evaluations as useful on a variety of levels and effective in settling cases. In general, participants reported using professionally acceptable procedures, appropriately advocated for their clients, and dealt with complaints in a reasonable fashion. Referrals to mental health professionals in advance of a child custody evaluation were generally made to provide support rather than for evaluation or test preparation. Work product reviews by mental health consultants were infrequent, although such reviews were seen as highly useful by those who used them. Lastly, participants reported that allegations of parental alienation and domestic violence were often used to gain leverage in custody cases. Implications for practice are discussed for both attorneys and evaluators.     

THE “EYE OF THE BEHOLDER”: PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS ABOUT THE BEST INTERESTS OF A CHILD

Child custody evaluations (CCEs) are a central feature of parenting litigation in many North American jurisdictions. However, there has been little recent research comparing CCE decisions about children's interests with decisions made by judges. This article presents empirical research about the extent to which Ontario judges accept custody and access recommendations from CCEs employed by Ontario's Office of the Children's Lawyer. The central finding was that the judges fully agreed with the CCEs only about half of the time. Possible explanations for this finding are explored, the most salient of which is the effect of delay in Ontario family litigation. In conclusion, the article suggests that a more efficient synthesis of the judicial and CCE decision‐making processes might be more consonant with the best interests of children involved in these disputes.     

完善保障性安居工程建设体系的若干政策思考

保障性安居工程是我国＂十二五＂时期保障和改善民生的标志性工程。大规模实施保障性安居工程建设,是推动科学发展、加快转变经济发展方式的具体实践。确保保障性安居工程建设体系的完善和落实,必须深化以人为本、执政为民理念,完善选址机制和规划设计,强化工程质量管理,科学实施招投标,构建多元化的融资渠道。     

儿童兵规范的演变:国内武装冲突局势下的儿童保护

冷战结束后,在国内武装冲突中,儿童沦为国家武装部队与武装组织招募的对象。儿童兵的出现在某种程度上使得儿童从武装冲突的受害者转变为施暴者,导致国内武装冲突更加血腥、更难结束。为说服武装冲突各方放弃招募和使用儿童兵、打破"冲突—招募—冲突"的恶性循环,联合国及其相关机构采取了诸多举措,积极致力于倡导和传播儿童兵规范,把武装冲突局势中的儿童保护问题提升至国际与国内的和平与安全议程。从理论层面而言,儿童兵规范兴起与传播的动力和逻辑值得关注。第一,联合国及其相关机构作为规范倡导者,在儿童兵规范的兴起、发展与扩散阶段发挥了重要作用。第二,儿童兵规范的传播对象突破了国家行为体的范畴,日益重视对武装组织等非国家行为体的教化。第三,儿童兵的议题特征也有助于其规范的广泛传播。第四,时代背景也为儿童兵规范的兴起和传播创造了有力的政治条件。     

经济转型条件下吉林省中小企业融资的政府支持方向简

吉林省中小企业发展起步较晚,与发达省份相比差距很大,并且面临诸多问题,其中以融资难问题最为突出.本文分析了吉林省中小企业融资存在的问题和融资难的原因,并就经济转型条件下吉林省中小企业融资的政府支持方向进行探讨,提出实施中小企业转型升级与成长工程,建立科学高效的中小企业融资支持体系,构建功能齐全的中小企业信贷服务体系等建议,以期对中小企业走出融资困境有所裨益.