Knowledge of spouse abuse in the community: A comparison across locations

Of concern to many who study criminality of all kinds is the high level of known abuse in a climate of noninvolvement by others. The research reported in this paper clearly indicates that noninvolvement in spousal assault cases is not dependent on low levels of knowledge of the problem, as many people admit to being aware of its occurrence among relatives, friends, and neighbors. This knowledge does vary, however, by location of the respondents with strong effects of nonmetropolitan residents expressing greater knowledge of the occurrence of this violence than people living in urban areas. We find this in the context of lower levels of self-reported victimization. It could be that these lower levels reflect a reluctance on the part of nonmetropolitan women to admit to researchers that they are victims of this problem. Or, it could suggest that these women have access to a more intricate network of support from friends and family who become involved in discussing this problem with the victims and helping them to reduce its incidence.     

Divorce related malicious mother syndrome

With the increasing commonality of divorce involving children, a pattern of abnormal behavior has emerged that has received little attention. The present paper defines the Divorce Related Malicious Mother Syndrome. Specific nosologic criteria are provided with abundant clinical examples. Given the lack of scientific data available on the disorder, issues of classification, etiology, treatment, and prevention appear ripe for investigation.     

Predictors of Child Abuse Potential Among Military Parents: Comparing Mothers and Fathers

The present study examines the predictors of child abuse potential for at-risk fathers and mothers serving as active duty Army members and their spouses. Although fathers are perpetrators of child physical abuse and neglect in a substantial portion of reported cases, what is known about factors associated with child maltreatment comes almost exclusively from studies of perpetrating mothers. Thus, the inclusion of a large sample of fathers in the present study makes a significant contribution to the extant literature. Participants were 175 fathers (93% active-duty) and 590 mothers (16% active duty) of young children enrolled in an Army-sponsored home visitation program. Regression analyses indicated that there were both common and unique predictors of child abuse potential for mothers and fathers. Common predictors included depression, parental distress, and family conflict. Low family expressiveness was predictive only for fathers, whereas marital dissatisfaction, low social support, and low family cohesion were predictive only for mothers. Possible reasons for these gender differences and the implications of these results for child maltreatment interventions are discussed.     

代际交换对中国农村老年人健康状况的影响:基于性别差异的纵向研究

本文利用西安交通大学2001-2003年“安徽省老年人生活福利状况”跟踪调查数据,采用Logistic模型,研究农村老年人代际交换对其健康状况影响的性别差异。本文发现,男性老人对子女的经济支持和情感交流有利于其健康状况,但子女对其生活照料的增加对其健康状况不利。而女性老人对子女生活照料的增加和情感交流对其健康状况有利,子女对其的经济支持则对其健康状况不利。这种基于老人需求的代际交换模式一方面说明子女对老人经济和生活照料的增加在一定程度上暗含了老人健康状况的恶化;另一方面则体现老人对子女的支持和帮助可能得到子女的回馈和补偿,有利于其健康状况。     

Parent Relationships,Emotion Regulation,Psychosocial Maturity and College Student Alcohol Use Problems

This study tested associations between problems in parent-youth relationships and problems with alcohol use among college students (N = 1592) using structural equation modeling. Hypotheses were that relationships between both substance-specific parenting factors (parental drinking) and non-substance-specific parenting factors (parental intrusive control and lack of support) and college student drinking behaviors would be mediated by the developmental tasks of managing difficult emotions and establishing a mature psychosocial identity. Sex, ethnicity and age were entered as control variables in the analyses and were tested for moderating effects. Results showed that the unconstrained model for males and females differed significantly from a model in which the two groups were constrained to be similar. Among young women, emotion regulation and psychosocial maturity were partial mediators of the effects of parent problems on alcohol use problems. Among young men, parent problems were indirectly related to alcohol use problems through emotion regulation. Implications for alcohol use prevention activities on college campuses are discussed. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the National Council on Family Relations Annual Meeting, November, 2004, Orlando, Florida. Research interests in college student alcohol misuse. Research interests in adolescent psychosocial maturity. Research interests in young adult relationships.     

民事审判监督模式新探——谈检察建议、支持起诉、公诉在民事检察工作中的探索与实践

在公正与效率的工作目标引导下,基层人民法院在审理民事案件中大都采用了简易程序,导致法官自由裁量权的扩大,同时法院对既判力的维护加强,相对弱化了人民检察院的法律监督职能,在立法相对滞后的情况下,强化人民检察院民事审判监督日趋迫切。本文作者结合工作实践,探索民事检察工作新模式,旨在加强民事法律监督,保障法律正确实施,维护公平与正义,促进社会和谐发展。     

Expert Evidence As Context: Historical Patterns and Contemporary Attitudes in the Prosecution of Sexual Offences

In H.M. Advocate v. Grimmond ¹ the judge in a Scottish High Court trial refused permission for expert psychological evidence to be admitted on behalf of the Crown in a prosecution involving sexual offences against two children. The Crown had sought to lead an expert witness to explain to the jury about patterns of disclosure in child sexual abuse cases. The case was remarkable, not so much for the strict application of the longstanding rule in R. v. Turner that constrains the use in the courtroom of expert evidence from the behavioural sciences, but for the way in which the arguments presented by the Crown in Grimmond resonate with enduring feminist critiques regarding the treatment of women in rape trials. The theoretical issues raised by the decision include the quest for context to counter rigid evidential frameworks, and the choice of a child sexual abuse case as the medium for challenging the boundaries of the admissibility of expert evidence in the courtroom. The ramifications of Grimmond are tangible as legislation intended to benefit children and women has already been enacted by the Scottish Parliament to ameliorate the effects of the decision. This article suggests that while this legislation should be given a cautious welcome it remains to be seen whether the heralded benefits will actually materialise. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

政策环境欠缺是中小企业发展的“瓶颈”制约

我国中小企业的外部环境还很不完善,这是制约中小企业发展的“瓶颈”。因此,我们应该宽松市场准入,加大财政金融和政策扶持力度,加快中小企业社会化服务体系。     

我国独生子女大学生研究视角综述

近年来,国内学者对独生子女大学生进行了研究,研究方法和视角呈现百花齐放的局面,对其特异性如价值观、心理适应性等方面的研究已取得了一定的成果。但研究的深度、广度和成熟度还很不够,仍有需要进一步深入研究的问题。