Asymmetric cointegration relationship among Asian exchange rates

This study investigates the asymmetric cointegration relationship among the Japanese yen, the Korean won, and the Singapore dollar using an instrumental variable threshold cointegration test which allows asymmetric adjustment and avoids test statistics depending on nuisance parameters. This threshold cointegration approach clearly provides evidence for a cointegration relationship characterized by asymmetric adjustment toward the long-term equilibrium level. This finding indicates that the long-term equilibrium relationship among the Japanese yen, the Korean won and the Singapore dollar remains stable with asymmetric adjustment. The finding also shows there is a temporal delay in the reaction of the Korean won and the Singapore dollar to the Japanese yen change. Therefore, we conclude that, in the short-term, Korean won and Singapore dollar shocks are important to determine the response of the Japanese yen; the Singapore dollar shock is also important to determine the response of the Korean won; however, the Japanese yen shock is unimportant to determine the responses of the Singapore dollar and Korean won.

关于违约金数额调整规则的探讨——以《合同法》第一百一十四条为中心

根据《合同法》第一百一十四条规定，可以通过裁判方式调整违约金数额。这种规定的逻辑前提有混淆概念之嫌，导致的结果是思维混沌。明确界定违约金的性质是建立违约金调整规则的基础，违约金分为补偿性违约金和惩罚性违约金。《合同法》第一百一十四条所规定的违约金性质不仅具有补偿性，也具有惩罚性。当补偿性违约金不足以弥补损失时，还应支付赔偿金，故无增加违约金数额的必要；当惩罚性违约金高于实际损失时，一般没有调低的必要。应首先适用意思自治规则，其次才能适用对权利进行适当限制的例外规定。     

延边农业和农村经济面临的形势与发展方向

加入WTO后延边的农村经济和全国一样面临新的形势和问题。但是,由于延边的农业资源和农村经济具有自己的特点,所受到的影响也不同,因此,根据延边农业的实际,充分发挥资源优势,发展特色农业,加快农业产业化进程,增强农村经济的综合实力,积极开拓国内外市场,才能发展农村经济,提高农民收入。     

论少数人权利的国际保护

少数人权利的保护是国际人权法的重要内容,承认并尊重少数人权利也是当今众多国家的国际义务。文章从解悉少数人权利保护的国际公约入手,全面论述了少数人权利保护的内容,并提出了我国法律在少数人权利保护方面应当做出的适时调整与完善。     

Determinants of the Psychosocial Adjustment of Southern Sudanese Men

Our study examines the psychosocial adjustment of 164 SouthernSudanese men who are resettling in a western Canadian city.Special emphasis is placed on the role of financial and emotionalstrain associated with their sending money to relatives in Africa.Key findings point to the importance of religiosity in predictingtheir psychological adjustment, and social support and reducedfinancial role strain in predicting their social adjustment.Findings serve to guide the provision of culturally appropriateservices and policies for African immigrants and refugee claimantsin Canada.     

Norway and Emissions Trading: From Global Front-Runner to EU Follower

A striking convergence has taken place in the design of the Norwegian and EU greenhouse gas emissions trading systems from 1998 to 2004. This article argues that the Norwegian adaptation to the EU did not take place as a consequence of perceived legal obligations under the European Economic Area agreement. Nor did it take place due to Norwegian actors being persuaded about the merits of the EU design. The main explanation has to do with interests. The EU market and politics are of course generally very important for Norway. However, before the US pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol in 2001, the Norwegian outlook in climate politics was global. The US pull-out accelerated the development and hence the attractiveness of the EU trading system and resulted in EU emissions trading as the most probable and possibly only international market for Norway to link up to. Hence, this analysis provides further support to the importance of being sensitive to the global context and institutional interaction when analyzing the relationship between the EU and its neighboring countries.     

COMMENTARY ON TIPPINS AND WITTMANN'S "EMPIRICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS WITH CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS:

Although in substantial agreement with Tippins and Wittmann's analysis, their call for a moratorium on the practice of custody evaluators making recommendations to the court does not solve the many problems that they have raised, and may have unintended consequences which place families at even greater risk. This commentary reflects our agreement with some of the authors' major points of contention, focuses on several points of disagreement, and suggests alternative remedies for the shortcomings and ethical problems described in child custody evaluations.     

警察权的法律调整着力点初探

警察权的运行,是通过警察执法的权利化和公权化,以实现警察权的运行化过程,与此伴随的还有警察权的权力异化过程。法律应当以警察权的权利与权力化、公权化、运行化和异化为着力点,对警察权进行规制与调整。     

可持续发展理念下的城市土地利用合理调控

城市土地的可持续利用是一个涉及到自然、经济、社会、管理调控等子系统的动态、复杂系统。其思想有着极为深刻的哲学背景、社会背景,困而对城市土地合理利用的调控,单纯运用某种手段,如经济手段、技术手段、法律手段、行政手段等往往达不到预期的目的,而必须进行系统的调控。本文在对城市土地利用行为主体的分析以及对城市土地利用中市场和政府作用进行探讨的基础上,提出可持续发展理念下城市土地合理利用的调控体系。     

我国司法区划调整问题研究——以跨行政区划设置法院为视角的分析

司法区划调整是指对司法层级、司法单位和司法区域等司法区划要素的调整,其主要目的是通过实现司法区划与行政区划的分离,确保司法权能得到独立公正地行使。跨越行政区划设置法院作为一种典型的司法区划调整方式,因具有改革上的可行性、前瞻性,以及纲举目张的功效,故而是"探索建立与行政区划适当分离的司法管辖制度"的首选方案。