以公民权利制约行政权

公民权利与行政权的含义、关系及其公民权利对行政权的制约,长期以来是我国行政法上的一个盲点,同时也是一个焦点问题。本文从法源及其现实表现层面论述了二者的含义及相互关系,并从立法及其构建完善的法律体系方面阐述了公民权利对行政权的制约。     

Parliamentary Bills of Rights: An Alternative Model?

This paper examines the emergence of a new model for protecting rights (referred to as the 'parliamentary rights' model) in Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the Australian Capital Territory. This parliamentary model is distinguished from the more traditional, judicial-centric, approach to rights protection in at least two ways. The first is that this parliamentary rights model incorporates the notion of legitimate political dissent from judicial interpretations of rights. The second way it challenges the court-centred model is by incorporating the systematic evaluation of proposed legislation from a rights perspective. Both of these features allow for the possibility of a broader range of perspectives on the appropriate interpretation of rights or the resolution of disagreements involving claims of rights than those arising from more judicial-centric bills of rights. The paper assesses whether this alternative approach to rights protection satisfies those sceptics who doubt the virtue or prudence of conceiving of political disputes as legal rights claims for which the judiciary has the dominant role in their interpretation and resolution.     

职工眼中的企业工会--企业工会现状调查

维护职工权益是企业工会的基本职责。对沿海某省七家不同类型的企业工会的调查显示,职工在企业内部的基本权益,尤其是在非公企业内部的基本权益得不到保障,而企业工会作为劳动者的代言人履行维权职责严重缺失,其根本原因在于企业工会对企业资产所有者和管理者的依附性。     

论我国刑事辩护律师权利保障之出路

长期以来,在我国的司法实践中,刑事辩护律师的权利保障一直处于令人担忧的境地。国家虽然在各个方面对此问题均作了不少的努力,但效果并不明显。究其原因,笔者认为其根本的原因还在于我国目前的刑事诉讼结构中控辩双方力量的失衡。因此,我国刑事辩护律师权利保障的出路在于改革与完善我国的刑事诉讼结构,实现控辩双方力量的相对平衡。     

我国他物权制度理论构建之研究

他物权是权利人依法对他人所有之物享有的限制性物权,它与自物权相对应,二者共同构成了民法中完整的物权关系。目前,借鉴古今中外的立法和司法实践经验,构造中国式的他物权体系是社会主义市场经济发展的必然要求。     

对"齐玉苓案"相关问题的法律思考

最高法院关于齐玉苓一案的批复涉及到对宪法第46条的解释,而根据我国宪法的规定,最高法院并没有解释宪法的权力。齐玉苓一案不需要直接适用宪法,不必用宪法去解决一个用法律就能解决的问题,该案件的性质是民事诉讼,而不是宪法诉讼。尽管如此,齐玉苓一案以及最高法院的批复对推进中国宪政体制改革仍然有积极意义。     

Attitudes Toward a Military Enforcement of Human Rights

In recent years, Western countries and NATO have repeatedly intervened in international conflicts using military means (e.g., Kosovo, Macedonia, and Afghanistan). The countries involved in these military operations have stated that these interventions did not serve strategic goals; instead, their prime purpose was to enforce human rights. Against this background the present paper aims to answer two main questions: First, how can attitudes toward such military interventions be measured? Second, how are these attitudes related to prosocial and antisocial personality dispositions? Two studies were conducted to address these questions. A first study with 275 university students from Germany enabled us to develop a short and reliable scale to measure attitudes toward the military enforcement of human right. A second study (N = 190) revealed that authoritarianism and the willingness to aggressively sanction the antisocial behavior of others were positively related to this attitude, while no significant relationship with prosocial dispositions emerged. Furthermore, it could be shown that a high concern for human rights only then was connected to a positive attitude toward their military enforcement if persons indicated to handle their daily conflicts in an aggressive manner.

     

法人经营范围外行为的效力问题

通过对几种法人经营范围外行为效力理论的介绍分析,论证相对无效说的现实及理论合理性。对我国现行立法中的相关规定作一评论并对民法典草案的相应完善提出建议,也在此基础上对法人的权利能力、行为能力以及相关登记问题在未来的发展趋势进行探讨。     

正当性、合理性和现实性——世贸组织法中发展中国家的特殊和差别待遇

在GATT/WTO中争取特殊和差别待遇是发展中国家成员要求建立公平的国际贸易秩序的表现。这种公平的实现是从应有权利到法定权利再到现实权利的权利实践过程。本文分析了影响该权利实践过程和结果的一系列变量,指出发展中国家只有增强自身的参与能力,加强整体的团结,才有可能走向成功的权利实践。WTO应进一步强化规则和纪律,切实保证发达国家成员履行对发展中国家成员的义条,后者才能从特殊和差别待遇中真正受益。