我国民事公益诉讼的制度建构

民事公益诉讼的提出是当前侵害国家利益和社会公共利益的案件大量涌现却得不到适当解决的情势所需.民事公益诉讼的目的,是立法者基于其客观需要和民事诉讼、民事公益诉讼的本质及其规律的认识,而预先设定的理想目标.它是民事公益诉讼制度构建的逻辑起点,由此论及民事公益诉讼的原则、管辖、原告资格认定、诉讼受案范围、证明责任分担、诉讼费用等内容,目的是对民事公益诉讼制度在我国的全面确立有所裨益.     

完善民事纠纷多元化解决机制的思考

目前,我国正处于体制转轨、社会变革、利益分化、观念更新的矛盾凸显期,社会矛盾日趋复杂,民事纠纷日益增加,迫切需要在诉讼外寻求其他纠纷解决方式来缓解社会矛盾。文章通过对多元化纠纷解决机制含义、内容以及价值功能的分析研究,提出完善多元化纠纷解决机制的建议。     

论民事诉讼与行政诉讼举证责任分配的合理性

诉讼作为一种社会解纷机制,其主要价值在于为社会利益争端的解决提供一套体现公平和正义的程序规则。民事争议和行政争议在性质上是不同的,它们所体现的社会利益关系各有其特殊性。鉴于此,民事诉讼与行政诉讼在举证责任的分配上做出不同的设计,在举证责任分配上,民事诉讼贯彻＂谁主张谁举证＂,行政诉讼由＂被告负举证责任＂,这不同的表述体现了共同的价值取向：救济和保护弱者。     

论民用爆炸物品的刑法规制

所谓刑法对民用爆炸物品的规制,就是国家通过刑法将与民用爆炸物品相关的严重危害社会的行为规定为犯罪,并予以刑罚制裁,以规范和制约民用爆炸物品的管理。根据我国刑法的规定,涉及民用爆炸物品的罪名很多,分布在不同的章节中,即根据其侵犯的客体不同,规定了不同的罪名和法定刑,表明国家对涉爆犯罪进行了全面的刑法规制。刑法对民用爆炸物品的规制主要表现为两种情况：一是直接规制,即以爆炸罪定罪或者以非法从事与爆炸物有关行为定罪;二是间接规制,即以侵害特定个人或多人的健康、生命权利以及财产权利为直接目的,在犯罪过程中,使用爆炸物仅是作为实施犯罪的一种方法或手段的犯罪。     

论我国减刑、假释程序的完善

我国现行关于减刑裁决权与假释裁决权的制度设计具有正当性。在减刑、假释程序诉讼化改造的整体方案设计问题上,一方面应突出该程序的诉讼特质,体现公开、透明的要求,并保障罪犯和被害人的诉讼参与权;另一方面应考虑到该程序毕竟属于一种特殊的诉讼程序,因而不应将检察机关定位为与罪犯、执行机关对立的控方,而应把其定位为法律监督者。在承认将减刑、假释提请权赋予执行机关的制度设计具有正当性的同时,也应注意从以下两个方面对减刑、假释的提请程序予以完善：强化对罪犯减刑、假释权的保护;明确赋予检察机关对减刑、假释提请程序的参与权。在未来修改刑法和刑事诉讼法时有必要通过对减刑、假释案件实行合理的审级分流有效保障诉讼效率。     

探寻宪法解释的中国之路——读范进学教授《认真对待宪法解释》

宪法解释对于宪法研究和宪政建设都有着重要的作用。当前的宪法解释研究,应从理论体系的研究转向制度层面的实施,在尊重宪法文本权威的前提下,在维护现有宪政体制稳定性的基础上,运用宪法解释的方法来推动中国的宪法研究和宪政建设。     

韩国财政预算管理体制考察及启示

财政预算管理体制与政府部门有着千丝万缕的联系,考察分析韩国现行财政预算管理体制应首先从韩国财政机构的构成着手,比较分析中韩两国财政预算在编制、执行、决算等预算环节的异同。这对解决中国目前预算年度与立法机关审议批准时期冲突、预算编制时间短、预算编制机构设置不合理和预算执行进度过慢等问题有借鉴意义。     

Anchoring the Peace: Civil Society Actors in Peace Accords and Durable Peace

Is peace more likely to prevail when the peace accord includes civil society actors such as religious groups, women's organizations, and human rights groups? This is the first statistical study that explores this issue. The article develops key claims in previous research regarding the role of civil society actors and durable peace, and proposes a set of hypotheses that focus on legitimacy in this process. The hypotheses are examined by employing unique data on the inclusion of civil society actors in all peace agreements in the post–Cold War period. The statistical analysis shows that inclusion of civil society actors in the peace settlement increases the durability of peace. The results further demonstrate that peace accords with involvement from civil society actors and political parties in combination are more likely to see peace prevail. The findings also suggest that inclusion of civil society has a particularly profound effect on the prospects for overall peace in nondemocratic societies.     

The politics of foreign debt in Latin America a study of the debtors’ cartel

This analysis of the foreign debt problem in Latin America shows that this economic burden is onerous and will not be reduced in the short run. The region's political leaders perceived that collective bargaining could increase their bargaining leverage with foreign lenders and could produce more advantageous repayment schedules for most nations. However, despite verbal backing and the economic promise of collective bargaining, a debtors’ cartel failed to materialize. Evaluations of the political dynamics in key nations anticipated creditors. This analysis also shows that the debtors’ cartel failed because collective bargaining did not gain domestic political support. Foreign influence was tangential to the outcome. Given this political climate, the chances for a revival of collective bargaining are very slim.