Who ‘Owns’ the Streets? Ritual Performances of Respect and Authority in Interactions Between Young Men and Police Officers

Joining insights from the work of Richard Sennett and Erving Goffman, I probe the power relations which underlie the performances and negotiations of respect and authority in interactions between young men and police officers. Two cultures or codes of conduct most often clash in these confrontations, which interestingly enough bear some key similarities. The officers from the local police office that I observed attempted to avoid unnecessarily engaging youths in confrontations and thereby evaded contests of face. Their assignment in the field was to make their presence felt in the area they were patrolling and to bring the youth to an understanding that they were sharing this territory with them. The officers from the ‘street peace group’ had a different agenda and sought out confrontations with youths and thereby engaged them in public show‐downs over face. Their assignment in the field was to bring respect among the youth for the authority of the police, that is, to force a submission to their authority, and this is most readily accomplished through contests of face—contests in which they had the upper hand and through which they demonstrated time and again that they (the police authorities) controlled the streets (at least momentarily).     

公司人格机理与公司救济体制之重构

基于"共同行为"的法理,公司法律责任制度在责任的宗旨、责任的特质、责任的追究机制等诸方面均与传统的民事责任存有本质上的区别。受"民商合一"体制的制约,我国现行公司立法不存在独立的公司法律责任及公司诉讼制度。为更好地保护公司的利益,我国应构建区别于传统的民事责任之外的、独立的公司法律责任与公司诉讼     

Techniques to Enhance the Transmission of Quality Programs by Private Television Channels in Europe

Over the last years there has been a change in the structure of the European television market. The dominant private television stations as well as new forms of electronic communication, like cable television and Internet, have established a new role in communications. The question is whether private television channels can draw up a quality program in this role.The two standard approaches in Europe, namely, regulating intervention and free competition, do not suffice to provide an answer. For this reason, the present study aims to analyze two alternate tools for the exertion of policy, that is, the creation of incentives and the self-regulation of media organizations, in the hope that answers will be provided as to what ways the European private television can employ in order, on the one hand, to be financially effective and, on the other, to have a quality program.     

侦查行为的伦理底限——“张氏叔侄案”引发的思考

努力让群众在每个司法案件中感受到公平正义,是习近平总书记在2013年中共中央政治局第四次集体学习时对司法机关提出的工作要求,也是全面规范和改进侦查行为的重要目标。然而,诸如"张氏叔侄案"中不合法甚至不合理的侦查行为不仅不能使民众感受到公平正义,而且还会加速社会信用体系的崩溃和社会道德的沦丧。我们应坚持不违法秩之形成、不违正义之实现、不违人权之基准和不伤害等原则,重新审视一些侦查行为,从而构建理性、平和、文明、规范的伦理评价体系,以增强民众司法公信力。     

论加强我国公务员职业道德建设的基本路径

公务员职业道德建设是完善我国公务员制度需要关注的重要方面。加强公务员职业道德建设，必须坚持我国公务员制度的基本特征，按照突出社会主义核心价值体系、加强党的宗旨教育和贯彻《中华人民共和国公务员法》等路径稳步持久地推进。     

A Comparative Approach to Civil Service Ethics in Estonia,Latvia and Lithuania

Ethics management is a rather new topic in public administration literature. The authors compare civil service ethics in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. By comparing statistical data, they describe models of civil service and features in civil service, analyze institutional arrangements and legislative frameworks and explore predominant values among Baltic civil servants. While there are some common features in the ethical management of all three countries, the authors conclude that the implementation of ethical management principles differs due to differences in the civil service systems.     

When Formal Sanctions Encourage Violent Offending: How Violent Peers and Violent Codes Undermine Deterrence

Research focusing on deterrence has stressed the negative relationship between perceived formal sanctions and criminal behavior, ignoring the possibility that in some populations formal sanctions may serve to increase offending under some conditions. Utilizing a sample of 300 homeless street youths, the study explores if violent peers, violent values, and the culture of the street moderates the association between perceived legal sanctions and violent offending. The results suggest that violent peers, violent values, and the culture of the street condition the perceived certainty of punishment so that it leads to higher levels of violence. Further, the culture of the street conditions the relationship between perceived severity of punishment and violence. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.     

论作为高层次伦理规范的正义

正义是古往今来人们所憧憬所讴歌的景状 ,从柏拉图到罗尔斯 ,西方学人叙说了数不清的关于正义的见解 ,既贡献了种种经典性论说 ,也使正义成为一张普洛透斯似的脸。正义实际上不是虚玄的事物 ,它也像法和道德一样 ,是为社会生活提供标准和指明方向的规范 ,不过不是普通的规范 ,而是高层次伦理规范。正义对主体的精神和行为都予以调整。正义不取文本形式 ,不是明文记载的制度 ,而是以观念化的形态存在于人的头脑、心灵、社会舆论和历史文化的积淀之中。正义是人们无法捧读的 ,但它却像时间一样 ,时刻就在我们身边。正义是伦理规范体系中规格和境界最高的规范 ,它以一系列美德或善为其基本内容。正义要求个人具备公平、公正、公道、正直、合理的美德 ,要求国家和社会体现自由、平等、安全这一类善 ,而法如果与正义结合便成为良法。正义的强制力比法更深刻 ,它以理性为强制力量 ,不以国家强力和法定程序保障其实现。正义的触角或统辖范围远远大于法的范围 ,它是关涉领域最广、时空跨度最大、尤具普适性的社会规范。在迄今衍生的形形色色正义理论中 ,亚里士多德和罗尔斯的学说 ,影响尤为深远。正义具有绝对和相对两重性 ,是绝对和相对的统合 ;具有主观和客观两重性 ,是主观和客观的统合。正义是以具体的形式     

民商立法体制考评——兼论中国民商立法体制之选择

在我国制定民法典之际,民商立法体制不仅是一个不容回避的问题,而且对其研究还有重大的经济、政治和文化意义。考察大陆法系各国的民商立法体制,除了民商分立和民商合一外,还有中国式的分合折衷体制。民商分立不仅仅是一个“历史问题”,民商合一也并非“当今世界立法之最新潮流”。旧中国选择分合折衷体制,其理论根据并非妥适,从有利于发展市场经济,倡导和弘扬工商文化的角度出发,当代中国应选择和推行民商分立体制。     

‘Utterly Disgraceful’: Social Media and the Workplace

Social media use by Australian public servants has given rise to questions pertaining to their political rights, impartiality and privacy outside of work. Drawing on the recent case Starr v Department of Human Services these issues are explored. The findings suggest that social media use has heightened tensions around public servant's rights to comment on issues of the day, and its use by employees both inside and beyond the workplace remains contested terrain.