“晕轮效应”对考录公务员面试考官的影响与应对

"晕轮效应"是一种主观心理臆测,是一个不可忽视、又无处不在的评价偏见,具有片面性、表面性和弥散性的特点。它存在于考官队伍中,对公务员的选拔工作会造成负面影响。"晕轮效应"作为一种心理现象,在公务员的面试过程中是不可消除的,因此,应该从主观上主动地去避免、克制,并且还要建立严格的选人用人制度,在客观上防止"晕轮效应"的出现,使"晕轮效应"的影响降到最低程度,保证面试的科学性和可靠性,努力做到公平、公开、公正地选拔人才,求得面试的效果最佳。     

Confused or competent? How voters use the STV ballot paper

STV is often extolled because it allows voters to express a nuanced choice, but is criticised for being too confusing. In practice the system is little used, but evidence from where it is indicates much depends on how voters choose to use it. STV was used for the first time in Scottish local elections in 2007, providing valuable new evidence on how voters respond to the system. We use survey data to examine the incidence of various indicators of apparent failure by Scottish voters to exploit STV, and compare both the levels and patterns of incidence with equivalent data for Ireland. We find little sign of confusion in either country, but significant evidence of ballot order effects in Scotland.     

试析毛泽东反腐倡廉思想及其实践

毛泽东一生致力于廉洁自律,致力于反腐倡廉,并形成了具有时代特色的反腐倡廉思想。主要有八个方面：第一、建立廉洁政府,从体制机制上铲除腐败土壤;第二、加强思想教育,牢固树立共产党人没有自己私利的观念;第三、注重未雨绸缪防患于未然,严惩腐败行为;第四、共产党人应一切从人民利益出发,坚决反对官僚主义作风;第五、共产党人应讲究节俭,时刻明白贪污和浪费是极大的犯罪;第六、建设大公无私、作风正派的队伍;第七、以史为鉴,任何时候都要做到＂两个务必;＂第八、各级领导要做反腐倡廉的表率,毛泽东率先垂范。毛泽东领导的中国共产党不仅建立了新中国,而且开创了中国历史上少有的清平时代。毛泽东反腐倡廉思想对今天廉政建设仍然具有重要的指导意义。     

影响讲座宣传效果的基本因素

讲座是应用广泛的一种宣传手段,影响讲座宣传效果的因素很多,了解并掌握其中的特点和规律,有利于扬长避短,最大限度地提高宣传效果,让宣传工作真正为弘扬时代主旋律而发挥作用.     

健全民事检察建议制度的思考

民事检察建议是检察机关发挥监督职能的重要方式之一,但有关民事检察建议的立法却流于粗疏,检察实践中民事检察建议的做法也不统一,这些因素制约了其法律效果的发挥。针对民事检察建议制度存在的缺陷和不足,完善民事检察建议的立法,是民事检察建议法律效果得以有效发挥的重要保障。     

人口集中的社会经济及生态效应

社会经济及生态的发展 ,不仅要注重基础设施、资本融通、人才引进等方面的硬措施 ,更应重视潜在性问题。本文从社会、经济、生态的综合成本入手 ,运用相关的经济理论分析论证 ,得出人口集中与分散情况下的效应反差结论 ,并提出人口集中的理性设想。     

The mechanical and psychological effects of legal thresholds

In this paper, we estimate the effect of the legal threshold on the number of parties and decompose it into a mechanical and a psychological effect. We study the case of Morocco, whose local elections afford a rare opportunity to uncover the causal effect of the legal threshold, using a differences-in-differences approach. Our results show a large effect of the legal threshold on the number of parties. We find a large psychological effect in absolute terms: a 3% increase in the legal threshold leaves almost one effective party out of the council for purely strategic reasons. We conjecture that this large effect is due to the lack of institutionalization and programmaticness of most Moroccan parties.     

影响美沙酮维持治疗效果的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响美沙酮维持治疗时间及效果的相关因素。方法:研究对象为329名在我院美沙酮维持门诊治疗的海洛因依赖者。根据其在维持治疗门诊中服药时间的长短分为4组。Ⅰ组为服药时间不足3个月退出治疗者124人;Ⅱ组为服药时间超过3个月但不足6个月治疗者52人;Ⅲ组为服药时间超过6个月,但不足1a治疗者76人;Ⅳ组为服药时间超过1a治疗者77人。比较4组海洛因依赖者间的社会人口学特征、药物依赖及治疗剂量等影响美沙酮维持治疗等因素的差别。结果:Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比较,文化程度、职业、婚姻、社会支持系统差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组年龄相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较,初吸年龄、吸毒时间、吸毒频率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);吸毒方式(单纯注射)、多药物滥用的Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组比较,有非常显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。首次吸毒原因各组间无差异(P>0.05),既往脱毒次数Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。服用美沙酮剂量与维持治疗时间呈高度正相关(P<0.01),药物剂量、治疗期间服药不稳定的Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较,P<0.05;Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组比较,P<0.01,差异均有统计学意义。结论:年轻的单身、无业、文化程度低、无家人支持、多药物滥用和维持剂量不足是影响美沙酮维持治疗依从性的危险因素。临床上对影响维持治疗的危险因素进行甄别,并采取相应的干预措施,能有效提高美沙酮维持治疗效果。     

物权效力及其类型的另路分析——兼谈与效力类型相连的物权效力量

结合物权运行状态和情势进行梳理,物权有基础性实行效力、衍生性保全效力与转化性救济效力。实行效力契合物权本旨,表现静态归属和物权人得通过一定实行行为使物满足需求的动态过程。保全效力主要指物权请求权,属衍生性请求权,其独立性要求或重新认识侵权行为法的债法地位,或将其中物权请求权效力的内容还原归位到物权法。救济效力是物权的最终效力,也是损害赔偿之债或不当得利之债的效力,于此物权效力与债权效力合一。对物权效力作量的考察可帮助认识物权效力边界和作用范围。实行效力转化为救济效力时,不存在如债权获得救济时的“同一性”而是效力量受到了减损。可提出某些物权救济之债具有相较一般债权优先的办法来还原和保持物权效力量。     

Effectiveness of private finance initiatives (PFI): study of private financing for the provision of capital assets for schools

The study reported in this paper explores how effective Public Private Partnerships (PPP) have been as critical providers of capital assets within the state education sector in the UK. Specifically, the research investigates the impact on educational provision of the UK government's contentious £43 billion Private Finance Initiative (PFI). The inquiry focuses on 27 English Local Education Authorities (LEAs) currently or recently involved in PFI. The investigation examines the effect of PFI's on LEA decision‐making processes and discusses these authorities assessment of the UK government's current PFI strategy. An evaluation of PFI as a source of sustainable finance is reported as well as recommendations made for LEAs currently considering adoption of PFI. Through such analysis, this study seeks to de‐layer and ascertain the influence of complex external environmental influences and stakeholders that need to be taken into account in order to make PPPs work. The paper concludes by presenting the critical considerations for enhancing the working relationship between private and public sector partners. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.