Comparison of presumptive blood test kits including hexagon OBTI

Four presumptive blood tests, Hexagon OBTI, Hemastix(R), Leucomalachite green (LMG), and Kastle-Meyer (KM) were compared for their sensitivity in the identification of dried bloodstains. Stains of varying blood dilutions were subjected to each presumptive test and the results compared. The Hexagon OBTI buffer volume was also reduced to ascertain whether this increased the sensitivity of the kit. The study found that Hemastix(R) was the most sensitive test for trace blood detection. Only with the reduced buffer volume was the Hexagon OBTI kit as sensitive as the LMG and KM tests. However, the Hexagon OBTI kit has the advantage of being a primate specific blood detection kit. This study also investigated whether the OBTI buffer within the kit could be utilized for DNA profiling after presumptive testing. The results show that DNA profiles can be obtained from the Hexagon OBTI kit buffer directly.     

AMPFlSTR Identifiler STR allele frequencies in Tanzania, Africa

POPULATION:  Identifiler—Employees and students of Muhimibili University College of Health Sciences in Dar es Salaam representing 19 widely distributed administrative districts and 42 tribes within the country.     

The problems of liminal states,line drawing,and false dichotomies

This commentary focuses on the tenuous line between health and disease and the conflicting characterizations of genetic predisposition that sometimes place it on one side of that line, and sometimes on the other. For example, GINA uses the line between health and disease to distinguish between, respectively, the healthy (including, those with genetic predispositions), who are shielded from discrimination, and those with ‘manifested illness,’ who are not. At the same time, some have argued that the Americans with Disabilities Act protects individuals with genetic predispositions, relying on a label akin to disability, as opposed to health, to characterize this group. Similarly, courts have described genetic predisposition as a disease of sorts to justify insurance payment for medical intervention. Attempts to fit genetic predisposition neatly into the binary world of health or illness can be problematic because this dichotomy doesn''t capture the complex continuum between those states. Some individuals reside in yet another ‘liminal’ state when they develop mild symptoms or biomarkers, placing them somewhere between genetic predisposition and actual disease manifestation. As a result, they may be unprotected under existing frameworks. Liminal states are therefore problematic not only with respect to insurance reimbursement, but in other areas as well.     

The FDA and genetic testing: improper tools for a difficult problem

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently issued draft guidance on how it intends to regulate laboratory-developed tests, including genetic tests. This article argues that genetic tests differ from traditional targets of FDA regulation in both product as well as industry landscape, and that the FDA''s traditional tools are ill-suited for regulating this space. While existing regulatory gaps do create risks in genetic testing, the regulatory burden of the FDA''s proposal introduces new risks for both test providers and patients that may offset the benefits. Incremental expansion of current oversight outside of the FDA can mitigate many of the risks necessitating increased oversight while avoiding the creation of new ones that could undermine this industry.     

DNA芯片技术检测HLA-DRB1和ABO基因型

用DNA芯片技术检测HLA-DRB1-ABO基因型。根据HLA和ABO不同基因亚型的独特序列设计探针,制成分型芯片;待检测样品经PCR反应标记上荧光之后,与探针在芯片上进行杂交,通过对杂交产生的荧光信号值进行分析,确定样品DRB1位点和ABO位点的基因亚型。将这一方法应用于111份样本的HLA-DRB1-ABO基因分型并将部分样品进行基因测序。检测结果证明本实验研制的HLA-DR-ABO基因分型芯片可准确分辨出DRB1位点30个等位基因、ABO位点6种基因型。该方法分辨率高、特异性强、重复性好、操作简便,对比常规的PCR-SSP方法,HLA-DR-ABO基因芯片方法更为直观,并具有集成化优势,可以在一张芯片上同时检测HLA和ABO位点,并实现一张芯片多人份,不仅适用于法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别,亦可应用于移植配型、HLA相关疾病及人类遗传学研究。     

VNTR遗传标记的亲权鉴定研究

采用Amp－FLP技术研究人类血液、组织VNTR位点D1S80（pMCT118）、D17S30（pCNZ－22）和ApoB3’位点的遗传多态性，并应用于亲权鉴定案件，获得满意结果。D1S80、D17S30和ApoB3’的DP值分别为0．962、0．956和0．960，累积父权排除率（EPP）为94．51％，远远高于传统血型的DP值和EPP值，是亲权鉴定和个体识别有效方法。     

An American proficiency testing program

In 1975 the Forensic Sciences Foundation Inc. (FSF) under a grant from the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) in the United States carried out a research project on the design and execution of a proficiency testing program for crime laboratories. Following completion of that research, FSF Inc. affiliated with Collaborative Testing Services Inc. (CTS) to maintain an operational program on a cost recoverable basis and with the assistance of a professional advisory committee (PAC) appointed by the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors (ASCLD).This paper discusses the problems of running a proficiency testing program of this type on a national/international basis for a large number of laboratories and covering a variety of evidence categories. Problems of confidentiality of results, test design and production, results analysis and reporting are emphasized. Some evaluation is made of the general types of results reported in this program.     

透明材料上的透明附着物证检测

目的提出了一种检测透明材料上附着透明物证的新方法—位相滤波法。方法采用现代光学信息处理技术改变光信号的频谱,使零级频谱与一级频谱干涉。结果实现了由位相到强度的调制,最终检测到透明材料上的透明附着物证。结论该方法是一种无损光学检测法,操作简便,效果好。     

汉语对第二语言词汇习得的影响

词汇习得是语言习得的一项重要内容,无论对母语习得还是第二语言习得而言,词汇习得研究都很有必要,它有助于完善语言习得的研究体系。在我国,多年以来人们对词汇习得的认识都存在着偏差,仅局限于了解词汇的意义,而非全面掌握词汇。本文在母语为汉语的第二语言习得背景下,通过对词汇习得内涵、认知模式以及母语对第二语言词汇习得的影响等方面进行分析,以期发现第二语言词汇习得的某些规律性。     

开展司法鉴定能力验证 确保持续鉴定能力

本文论述了能力验证活动监控司法鉴定机构和司法鉴定人的持续鉴定能力在司法鉴定质量控制和司法鉴定行业管理中的重要价值,并从理论和实践上阐明了能力验证活动的类型、组织和实施方法。