重构“认知图式”——提升中国共产党对大学生信仰吸引力的逻辑起点

重构大学生对中国共产党的认知图式是提升中国共产党对大学生信仰吸引力的必然要求。从审视当代大学生对党信仰的现状出发,通过对信仰缺乏的原因分析,重构大学生对中国共产党的＂认知图式＂,必将对提升中国共产党的信仰吸引力起到建设性的作用。     

犯罪心理测试技术存在的问题及完善方法

中国的犯罪心理测试技术经过三十年的发展,初步建立了心理测试的科学体系,测试技术在中国起步并呈现良好的发展势头,但是在发展实践中仍然存在诸多问题,文章提出了相应的解决对策,对犯罪心理测试技术的科学发展具有指导意义。     

X-chromosome STR typing in deficiency paternity cases

It is presented a deficiency paternity casework where the ChrX-STRs were crucial to solve the case. Twenty-two autossomal STRs studied in biological samples from a child, his mother and alleged paternal grandmother and grandfather revealed insufficient information to provide a clear conclusion. Fifteen additional ChrX-STRs confirmed the exclusion of the putative father.     

法庭毒物检验方法评价体系的建立

本文通过综合分析评价体系的理论与实际应用，借鉴相关领域的研究成果，研究并提出法庭毒物检验方法评价体系的基本框架，建立针对涉案毒物检验方法进行评价的目标、原则、指标、方法和程序等体系构成要素。     

亲子鉴定中STR基因座的基因突变分析

目的探讨Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒15个STR基因座在亲子鉴定中的基因突变特点。方法应用Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒检测676例亲子鉴定案，对其中1～2个突变基因座加做HLA等位基因检测或Y—STR基因座检测。结果在认定亲子关系的676例中，观察1304次减数分裂，Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒中的15个基因座确定19例突变，其中D18S51基因座4例，D2S1338基因座3例，D8S1179、D16S539、vWA、D7S820、D13S317基因座各2例，D5S818和TH01基因座各1例，D21S11、FGA、D3S1358、D19S433、TPOX、CSF1P0基因座未见突变；一步突变的17例，二步突变的为1例，四步突变的1例；1个基因座发生突变的18例，2个基因座同时发生基因突变的为1例；突变来自父亲与来自母亲的比例为13：2，4例来源不能确定。结论用Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒检测到1—2个基因座发生突变，须增加对其它遗传标记的检测。     

Science wars—How much risk should soldiers be exposed to in military experimentation?

With the threat of biological war becoming a more and more distinct possibility, there is a growing need for vaccines and cures for diseases. As warfare moves from the battlefield to the laboratory, the military must adapt its tactics in order to preserve national security. At the moment, soldiers consent to the risk associated with combat, but with the changing nature of war, the need may arise for soldiers to put themselves at risk not only through combat, but also through scientific experimentation, in order to produce vaccines or cures and ultimately maintain national security. By allowing soldiers to trade risk on the battlefield with risk in the laboratory, deeper research can be made into diseases and biological agents, and this would therefore lessen the threat of biological war or terrorism.     

Prevention for those who can pay: insurance reimbursement of genetic-based preventive interventions in the liminal state between health and disease

Clinical use of genetic testing to predict adult onset conditions allows individuals to minimize or circumvent disease when preventive medical interventions are available. Recent policy recommendations and changes expand patient access to information about asymptomatic genetic conditions and create mechanisms for expanded insurance coverage for genetic tests. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommends that laboratories provide incidental findings of medically actionable genetic variants after whole genome sequencing. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) established mechanisms to mandate coverage for genetic tests, such as BRCA. The ACA and ACMG, however, do not address insurance coverage for preventive interventions. These policies equate access to testing as access to prevention, without exploring the accessibility and affordability of interventions. In reality, insurance coverage for preventive interventions in asymptomatic adults is variable given the US health insurance system''s focus on treatment. Health disparities will be exacerbated if only privileged segments of society can access preventive interventions, such as prophylactic surgeries, screenings, or medication. To ensure equitable access to interventions, federal or state legislatures should mandate insurance coverage for both predictive genetic testing and recommended follow-up interventions included in a list established by an expert panel or regulatory body.     

Meta-analytically quantifying the reliability and biasability of forensic experts

Abstract:  In this paper we employ meta-analytic procedures and estimate effect sizes indexing the degree of reliability and biasability of forensic experts. The data are based on within-expert comparisons, whereby the same expert unknowingly makes judgments on the same data at different times. This allows us to take robust measurements and conduct analyses that compare variances within the same experts, and thus to carefully quantify the degree of consistency and objectivity that underlie expert performance and decision making. To achieve consistency, experts must be reliable, at least in the very basic sense that an expert makes the same decision when the same data are presented in the same circumstances, and thus be consistent with themselves. To achieve objectivity, experts must focus only on the data and ignore irrelevant information, and thus be unbiasable by extraneous context. The analyses show that experts are not totally reliable nor are they unbiasable. These findings are based on fingerprint experts decision making, but because this domain is so well established, they apply equally well (if not more) to all other less established forensic domains.