X-chromosome STR typing in deficiency paternity cases

It is presented a deficiency paternity casework where the ChrX-STRs were crucial to solve the case. Twenty-two autossomal STRs studied in biological samples from a child, his mother and alleged paternal grandmother and grandfather revealed insufficient information to provide a clear conclusion. Fifteen additional ChrX-STRs confirmed the exclusion of the putative father.     

法庭毒物检验方法评价体系的建立

本文通过综合分析评价体系的理论与实际应用，借鉴相关领域的研究成果，研究并提出法庭毒物检验方法评价体系的基本框架，建立针对涉案毒物检验方法进行评价的目标、原则、指标、方法和程序等体系构成要素。     

认知询问技术的应用及其效果评析——以定性实验结果分析为基础

认知询问技术作为侦查中询问证人、帮助证人进行回忆提取较为有效的方法，有其科学依据及实用价值。这一技术一经提出便受到侦查部门的重视，被英关法系国家及我国香港地区等的侦查部门广泛应用，并不断得到发展和完善。作为一种前沿技术，对其具体操作及效果的探讨、评析对我国的侦查实践工作有重要的现实意义。     

Resolving relationship tests that show ambiguous STR results using autosomal SNPs as supplementary markers

When using a standard battery of STRs for relationship testing a small proportion of analyses can give ambiguous results – where the claimed relationship cannot be confirmed by a high enough paternity index or excluded with fully incompatible genotypes. The majority of such cases arise from unknowingly testing a brother of the true father and observing only a small number of exclusions that can each be interpreted as one- or two-step mutations. Although adding extra STRs might resolve a proportion of cases, there are few properly validated extra STRs available, while the commonly added hypervariable SE33 locus is four times more mutable than average, increasing the risk of ambiguous results. We have found SNPs in large multiplexes are much more informative for both low initial probabilities or ambiguous exclusions and at the same time provide a more reliable genotyping approach for the highly degraded DNA encountered in many identification cases. Eight relationship cases are outlined where the addition of SNP data resolved analyses that had remained ambiguous even with extended STR typing. In addition we have made simulations to ascertain the frequency of failing to obtain exclusions or conclusive probabilities of paternity with different marker sets when a brother of the true father is tested. Results indicate that SNPs are statistically more efficient than STRs in resolving cases that distinguish first-degree relatives in deficient pedigrees.     

中国犯罪心理学测试技术应用理论

犯罪心理测试技术绝不是曾被人错误传播的和百姓日常俗称的“测谎”，“测谎”是被人错译、错传、错用的非科学概念。此技术的基本原理——检测人有无经历过特殊事件的心理痕迹；技术评判原理是：主试使用口头语言唤起被测人认知活动时的心理生物反应图谱的变化；实案测试时，人可以选择沉默不答或者随意简单回答方式。此项技术中划分为六个阶段技术，其中第一个阶段犯罪心理动态分析最重要。此项技术有八个方面的作用和四个方面的局限性；实案测试中专业人员素质最重要；基础理论绝不能再传播错误和陈旧的“测口供说谎的理论”，实践部门切莫盲目购置未经不同类型实案检验的测试仪器。     

警察职业人格特征的验证性因素分析

以心理测量的方法,探讨与工作特性相匹配的人格特征,是研究警察职业人格特征的一种有益尝试。通过自编警察职业人格特征测验,以不同经历的警察为被试,然后对测验结果进行验证性因素分析,得到了警察职业人格特征结构的二阶五维度模型。警察职业人格特征可以从五个维度描述,即责任感、独立敢为、人际开放、理智性和机警性。     

专业性练习摹仿签名笔迹鉴定的实验研究

目的本文通过实验对具有一定笔迹鉴定专门知识与不具备笔迹鉴定专门知识的人的练习摹仿签名笔迹进行实验分析研究。方法对两类人在练习的不同阶段形成的练习摹仿签名笔迹特征的一般状态表现,以及对其笔迹特征的形成、变化原因、鉴定价值分别进行了论述,并总结出其变化规律。结果为不同种类的练习摹仿签名笔迹的鉴定提供一定的识别和特征分析、评断的参考依据。     

亲子鉴定中STR基因座的基因突变分析

目的探讨Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒15个STR基因座在亲子鉴定中的基因突变特点。方法应用Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒检测676例亲子鉴定案，对其中1～2个突变基因座加做HLA等位基因检测或Y—STR基因座检测。结果在认定亲子关系的676例中，观察1304次减数分裂，Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒中的15个基因座确定19例突变，其中D18S51基因座4例，D2S1338基因座3例，D8S1179、D16S539、vWA、D7S820、D13S317基因座各2例，D5S818和TH01基因座各1例，D21S11、FGA、D3S1358、D19S433、TPOX、CSF1P0基因座未见突变；一步突变的17例，二步突变的为1例，四步突变的1例；1个基因座发生突变的18例，2个基因座同时发生基因突变的为1例；突变来自父亲与来自母亲的比例为13：2，4例来源不能确定。结论用Identifiler^TM荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒检测到1—2个基因座发生突变，须增加对其它遗传标记的检测。     

Science wars—How much risk should soldiers be exposed to in military experimentation?

With the threat of biological war becoming a more and more distinct possibility, there is a growing need for vaccines and cures for diseases. As warfare moves from the battlefield to the laboratory, the military must adapt its tactics in order to preserve national security. At the moment, soldiers consent to the risk associated with combat, but with the changing nature of war, the need may arise for soldiers to put themselves at risk not only through combat, but also through scientific experimentation, in order to produce vaccines or cures and ultimately maintain national security. By allowing soldiers to trade risk on the battlefield with risk in the laboratory, deeper research can be made into diseases and biological agents, and this would therefore lessen the threat of biological war or terrorism.