Resolving relationship tests that show ambiguous STR results using autosomal SNPs as supplementary markers

When using a standard battery of STRs for relationship testing a small proportion of analyses can give ambiguous results – where the claimed relationship cannot be confirmed by a high enough paternity index or excluded with fully incompatible genotypes. The majority of such cases arise from unknowingly testing a brother of the true father and observing only a small number of exclusions that can each be interpreted as one- or two-step mutations. Although adding extra STRs might resolve a proportion of cases, there are few properly validated extra STRs available, while the commonly added hypervariable SE33 locus is four times more mutable than average, increasing the risk of ambiguous results. We have found SNPs in large multiplexes are much more informative for both low initial probabilities or ambiguous exclusions and at the same time provide a more reliable genotyping approach for the highly degraded DNA encountered in many identification cases. Eight relationship cases are outlined where the addition of SNP data resolved analyses that had remained ambiguous even with extended STR typing. In addition we have made simulations to ascertain the frequency of failing to obtain exclusions or conclusive probabilities of paternity with different marker sets when a brother of the true father is tested. Results indicate that SNPs are statistically more efficient than STRs in resolving cases that distinguish first-degree relatives in deficient pedigrees.     

析痕迹检验在侦查中的作用

本文结合近些年来我国公安侦破工作中的一些案例,对痕迹检验在侦查中所发挥的作用进行细致深入的分析和阐述。最后,本文通过对一典型案例的分析阐述了现场痕迹在侦查破案中的综合利用。     

试析实案心测技术与实验心理学原理

心理测试是一项现代刑侦工作中应用较广泛的辅助侦查技术,其实测操作严格遵循实验心理学理论和原则,有很强的科学性。文章以中国心理测试技术（武氏测试法）的实测模式为例,详细解读其实验心理学的科学性因素。     

语言测试的信度和效度

语言测试有两个重要的评估标准：信度和效度。把握信度和效度的测量方法、分类、影响因素及信度和效度之间的关系,有利于语言教师的命题以及使评价测试更具科学性。     

网络舆情对青少年媒介认知能力的影响

当前,青少年已成为我国网民的最大群体。从网络舆情的产生及酝酿过程来看,网民的媒介认知能力始终是网络舆情向良性或恶性发展的关键。青少年网民在网络舆情形成中,不仅是在获取和传播信息,同时也是在分析和评价信息。现阶段我国网络舆情发展中存在着监控体系不完善、信息监测与分析技术落后、对突发事件没有相应的快速反应机制、网络舆情导向性不强和对青少年没有专门的引导机制等问题。认识网络舆情的传播机制,提高对媒介信息内容的辨别能力,正确获取信息与传播信息,学会对信息进行编码和解码,提高分析信息与评价信息的能力,是解决青少年媒介认知能力问题的关键。     

谈“都……了”句式的认知特点

本从认知的角度出发,对“都……了”句式进行了重新阐释,认为“都……了”中的副词“都”并不表已经义,仍作为范围副词表总括,当总括对象只出现一部分时,就突显为述义“都”基底的侧面;时间副词“已经”在句中的缺省同“都”与“了”的合用有关,“都……了”句式表达的是认知事件。     

警察职业人格特征的验证性因素分析

以心理测量的方法,探讨与工作特性相匹配的人格特征,是研究警察职业人格特征的一种有益尝试。通过自编警察职业人格特征测验,以不同经历的警察为被试,然后对测验结果进行验证性因素分析,得到了警察职业人格特征结构的二阶五维度模型。警察职业人格特征可以从五个维度描述,即责任感、独立敢为、人际开放、理智性和机警性。     

LAB图像处理模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法验证

目的考察验证LAB模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法,以及油墨浓淡对检验结果的影响。方法采用600dpi分辨率扫描样品并将图像保存成tiff格式,运用PhotoshopCS3图像处理软件中Lab模式进行处理。结果Lab模式无损区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的识别率达到61．67％,且油墨浓淡对实验结果影响不明显。结论此方法可用于黑色圆珠笔字迹的区分检验。     

Isolation and Individualization of Conceptus and Maternal Tissues from Abortions and Placentas for Parentage Testing in Cases of Rape and Abandoned Newborns*

Abstract: Abortion specimens are often submitted to forensic laboratories as the only piece of physical evidence in rape and incest cases. The recovery of conceptus tissues from this evidence permits the use of paternity testing to evaluate suspects. In cases of abandoned newborns, the recovery of maternal tissue from the placenta allows for the direct comparison of genetic profiles between the suspected mother and the biological mother. We report on the identification and isolation of conceptus tissues from embryonic‐ and fetal‐period abortions, and maternal tissues from delivered placentas, by gross and low‐magnification examination with manual dissection. Hundreds of single‐source samples have been successfully recovered by this method and short tandem repeat typed using standard forensic procedures. We additionally describe extraembryonic tissues that can be recovered and typed in the absence of the embryo proper. We conclude that an expertise and protocols can be developed by forensic laboratories for the routine analysis of this evidence.