网络舆情对青少年媒介认知能力的影响

当前,青少年已成为我国网民的最大群体。从网络舆情的产生及酝酿过程来看,网民的媒介认知能力始终是网络舆情向良性或恶性发展的关键。青少年网民在网络舆情形成中,不仅是在获取和传播信息,同时也是在分析和评价信息。现阶段我国网络舆情发展中存在着监控体系不完善、信息监测与分析技术落后、对突发事件没有相应的快速反应机制、网络舆情导向性不强和对青少年没有专门的引导机制等问题。认识网络舆情的传播机制,提高对媒介信息内容的辨别能力,正确获取信息与传播信息,学会对信息进行编码和解码,提高分析信息与评价信息的能力,是解决青少年媒介认知能力问题的关键。     

Peer Victimization,Antisocial Cognition,and Delinquency in Early Adolescent Schoolchildren: A Test of the Person–Situation Interface

ABSTRACT

Interactive and mediating effects have the ability to elucidate variable relationships. The goal of the current study was to explore how these two effects potentially clarify the victimization–offending relationship. Examining three waves of longitudinal data, it was predicted that Wave 1 victimization would enhance Wave 2 cognitive impulsivity, Wave 2 victimization would interact with Wave 2 cognitive impulsivity, and Wave 2 cognitive impulsivity and the victimization x cognitive impulsivity interaction would both fuel a rise in Wave 3 delinquency. All predicted relationships were observed when evaluated in a group of 960 early adolescents (457 boys, 503 girls) from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence (ISBSV). When cognitive insensitivity replaced cognitive impulsivity as the mediator, the mediating and moderating effects were no longer significant. These results suggest that victimization stimulates reckless thinking, which, when aided by subsequent victimization, encourages future delinquency.     

The physical competence test of the Dutch National Police: The effects of wearing a police uniform on test performance

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the effects of wearing a police uniform and gear on officers’ performance during the Physical Competence Test (PCT) of the Dutch National Police. In a counterbalanced within-subjects design, twenty-seven police officers performed the PCT twice, once wearing sportswear and once wearing a police uniform. The results showed clear indications that wearing a police uniform influenced the performance on the PCT. Participants were on average 14 seconds slower in a police uniform than in sportswear. Furthermore, performing the test in uniform was accompanied by higher RPE-scores and total physiological load. It seems that wearing a police uniform during the test diminishes the discrepancy between physical fitness needed to pass the simulated police tasks in the PCT and the job-specific physical fitness that is required during daily police work. This suggests that wearing a police uniform during the test will increase the representativeness of the testing environment for the work field.     

指称转喻研究的认知与功能视角

转喻研究由来已久，本文对国内外语言学界的指称转喻研究进行梳理，追溯指称转喻研究历经的四种视角：修辞视角、结构视角、认知视角和符号视角。在这四种理论视角中，影响最久远的是修辞观，当今最盛行的是认知观。未来对于指称转喻的研究需要将认知视角与功能视角结合起来，既要关注指称转喻使用的个体维度，又不能忽视指称转喻使用的群体特征。     

商业化基因检测的法律规制

商业化基因检测有别于医疗服务行为,是主要面对消费者提供的检测服务.由于其发展较快,行业内未形成规范化的标准,使得检测市场较为混乱.介绍了商业化基因检测的现状和问题,论述了对商业化基因检测加以规制的必要性并提出了相关的对策建议.     

ASSESSING AND EXPLAINING MISPERCEPTIONS OF PEER DELINQUENCY*

Peer delinquency is a robust correlate of delinquent and criminal behavior. However, debate continues to surround the proper measurement of peer delinquency. Recent research suggests that some respondents are likely to misrepresent their peers’ involvement in delinquency when asked in survey questionnaires, drawing into question the traditional (i.e., perceptual) measurement of peer delinquency. Research also has shown that direct measures of peer delinquency (e.g., measures obtained via networking methods such as Add Health), as compared with perceptual measures, differentially correlate with key theoretical variables (e.g., respondent delinquency and respondent self‐control), raising the question of whether misperception of peer delinquency is systematic and can be predicted. Almost no research, however, has focused on this issue. This study, therefore, provides detailed information on respondents’ misperceptions of peer behavior and investigates whether individual characteristics, the amount of time spent with peers, and peer network properties predict these misperceptions. Findings indicated that 1) some individuals—to varying degrees—misperceived the delinquent behavior of their peers; 2) self‐control and self‐reported delinquency predicted misperception; 3) respondents occupying densely populated peer networks were less likely to misperceive their peers’ delinquent involvement; and 4) peers who occupy networks in which individuals spend a lot of time together were more likely to misperceive peer delinquency. Implications are discussed.     

CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATION PRACTICES: A 20‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP

This study surveyed 213 experienced child custody evaluators utilizing the same questionnaire in the Ackerman & Ackerman 1997 and Keilin & Bloom 1986 studies. Demographic information, evaluation practices, custody decision‐making, and recommendations were surveyed. Comparisons were made across all three studies to identify the similarities and differences in child custody evaluation practices over the past 20 years. This study added questions about risk management and ethical issues, and current practices in placement/access schedules. The reader is advised that not engaging in the practices performed by a majority of psychologists could result in a difficult testimony experience.     

LAB图像处理模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法验证

目的考察验证LAB模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法,以及油墨浓淡对检验结果的影响。方法采用600dpi分辨率扫描样品并将图像保存成tiff格式,运用PhotoshopCS3图像处理软件中Lab模式进行处理。结果Lab模式无损区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的识别率达到61．67％,且油墨浓淡对实验结果影响不明显。结论此方法可用于黑色圆珠笔字迹的区分检验。     

重构“认知图式”——提升中国共产党对大学生信仰吸引力的逻辑起点

重构大学生对中国共产党的认知图式是提升中国共产党对大学生信仰吸引力的必然要求。从审视当代大学生对党信仰的现状出发,通过对信仰缺乏的原因分析,重构大学生对中国共产党的＂认知图式＂,必将对提升中国共产党的信仰吸引力起到建设性的作用。     

认知脑电测谎中汉字和图片刺激材料的研究

认知脑电测谎一般采用案件图片刺激或者是具有特定意义的字词句来研究。对汉字和图片的ERP相关研究发现了二者都存在新旧效应,但也发现了二者诱发的特异性ERPs成分在潜伏期、波幅、频率等上不同,存在＂图片优势效应＂。这可能是由于大脑对两种性质不同的刺激材料的认知加工过程差异造成的。本文通过对二种刺激材料的差异研究探讨了在民事和刑事案件中面对不同情况下选择何种刺激材料才能更好地引发目标刺激的反应,有效地提取、识别出特异性目标脑电特征,从而提高检测被测人大脑中是否具有案件相关信息的准确率。