琉球群岛地域构成的历史地理学考证

琉球群岛与我国有着特殊的地缘关系。这种地缘关系涉及我国领土主权和海洋权益。历史上琉球群岛的"分岛改约"涉及我国的切身利益,今天琉球群岛不但是围堵中国的所谓"第一岛链"的重要组成部分,更是日本制造东海争端的地理依据。甲午战争以后,中国对琉球群岛地缘战略意义的认识渐渐淡漠。学术界关于琉球群岛区域地理学基础研究积累的缺失,导致我国对于琉球群岛地域构成的认知模糊不清。数百年来,随着琉球群岛地缘政治关系的变化,琉球群岛历经沧桑,几易其主,其地域构成几经变迁。但是,历史上承载着琉球王国的琉球群岛作为一个独立的地理单元依然如故,并不因日本、美国单边因素的变化,或日美双边关系的变化而改变。正确认识琉球群岛地理单元的特殊性和完整性,对于今后我国涉及琉球问题的对外交涉具有重要意义。     

The ‘Arab Spring’ in the historical perspectives of Middle East politics

Abstract

The events of the ‘Arab Spring’ appeared to be animated by slogans and objectives of universalist orientations to liberty, dignity and social justice, a departure from the ethno-religious nationalisms that dominated the politics of the region. They raised questions regarding the ‘exceptionalism’ of Arabs and Muslims, whom many observers and commentators considered to be tied to sentiments and solidarities of patrimonialism, tribe and religion. Yet, the forces that seemed to benefit from the transformations in Egypt and elsewhere were not those that made the ‘revolution’ but precisely religious and patriarchal parties which benefited from popular constituencies in elections. A consideration of the political history of the main countries concerned can throw some light on these transformations. The nationalist, often military, regimes which emerged from the independence struggles of mid-twentieth century headed ideological, populist, nationalist and ‘socialist’ movements and parties and authoritarian regimes which eliminated oppositional politics and social autonomies in favour of a corporatist welfare state. These regimes, facing economic and geo-political contingencies of the later decades were transformed into dynastic oligarchies and crony capitalism which broke the compact of welfare and subsidies leading to intensified impoverishment and repression of their populations. Popular strata were driven ever more into reliance on ‘survival units’ of kin and community, reinforcing communal and religious attachments at the expense of civic and associational life. These ties and sentiments come to the fore when the ruling dynasties are displaced, as in Iraq after the 2003 invasion or Egypt after the removal of Mubarak. The ideological and universalist politics of the revolutionaries appear to be swamped by those conservative affiliations.     

《企业事业单位内部治安保卫条例》解析与运用

随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立与完善,企业、事业单位治安保卫工作立法相对滞后。长期以来,各企事业单位多是以部门规章的形式指导保卫工作,缺乏权威性和约束力,使单位保卫工作的成效受到影响。因此,保卫工作的立法问题引起了社会各界的关注。《企业事业单位治安保卫条例》(以下简称《条例》)作为我国第一部全面系统地规范单位内部保卫工作制度的行政法规,其颁布实施标志着我国单位内部治安保卫工作真正纳入了法制化的轨道。     

National Varieties of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs): A Comparative Analysis of PPP-Supporting Units in 19 European Countries

Most countries that have adopted the public–private partnership (PPP) model as a means of implementing infrastructure projects have launched dedicated supporting units to guide policy development and stimulate project implementation. This paper draws on the theoretical notion of PPP-enabling fields to carry out a comparative analysis of the roles and functions of PPP-supporting units across 19 European countries with varying PPP experiences. We distinguish four categories of national support of PPPs, from skeptical systems of zero support to full-fledged PPP systems. Furthermore, we take initial steps to analyze the possible link between national differences in institutionalized PPP support and the amount of implemented PPP projects. Finally, pathways for further research on PPP-supporting units are discussed.     

论行政事业存量国有资产的有效重组

行政事业存量国有资产问题是当前管理体制改革的核心环节,但又是一个前所未有的新事物。根据当前行政事业单位改革过程中,在资产重组和配置方面暴露出来的弊端和问题,文章试图提出一系列可操作性的办法和建议。     

Pregnancy in prison,mental health and admission to prison mother and baby units

Little is known about the mental health of pregnant women in prison in England or the factors which impact admissions to prison mother and baby units (MBUs). Research from the UK suggests women with more ‘stable’ backgrounds and lower prevalence of mental disorder are more likely to be admitted to prison MBUs. Eighty-five pregnant women were interviewed in eight different prisons. Schedules for the Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to assess mental health; Severity of Dependence Questionnaire (SOD-Q) for drug misuse; Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) for hazardous drinking; and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) to identify personality disorder. Fifty-one per cent of participants had depression and 57% had anxiety. Those who were working prior to imprisonment were more likely to be admitted to MBUs, and those with a prior social services involvement, diagnosis of personality disorder or history of suicidality were less likely to be admitted. The high levels of depression and anxiety can have negative impacts on both the mother and her unborn child. Factors which influence MBU admission suggest those who might benefit most from MBU placement are least likely to be admitted.     

增设非国有单位人员滥用职权罪的立法建议

目前,我国处于转型时期,市场经济体制还不健全。非国有单位人员利用职务的便利滥用职权的行为常有发生,且呈蔓延之势,这些行为因不符合滥用职权罪和国有公司、企业、事业单位人员滥用职权罪的构成要件,而又没有其它罪名与之相对应,不受到刑法的处罚。这反映了我国刑法较重视公共利益和国家利益的保护,而忽视了小团体利益和个人利益的保护。为了更好地惩罚非国有单位人员滥用职权的行为,保护非国有单位的合法利益,我国刑法应增设非国有单位人员滥用职权罪。     

行政事业性国有资产管理问题思考

作为国有资产的一个重要组成部分,行政事业性国有资产是保障国家机关高效运转和各项社会事业快速发展的重要物质基础。但与强化经营性国有资产管理相比,各级政府对行政事业性国有资产的监管却成为整个国有资产管理中相对薄弱的环节。针对行政事业性国有资产管理中存在的主要问题及其成因,需要从制度变迁的角度加强完善并拿出应对之策。     

Ford first? Corporate security and the US Department of War's Plant Protection Service's interior organization unit 1917–1918

The Ford Motor Company's corporate security unit is widely considered to be the prototype of in-house corporate security. Drawing on archival research, we demonstrate that beginning in 1917 and continuing through the early 1920s the US Department of War's Plant Protection Service and their interior organization units represent an early example of corporate security emanating from the public sector. The existence and character of this unit challenges the notion that Ford pioneered corporate security and the surveillance, secrecy, employee control, and pre-emptive techniques it typifies. The work of interior organization unit personnel exhibits strategies and features associated with today's professional corporate security managers. We then reflect on the implications of these findings for understanding the history of labor suppression and the origins of corporate security in the United States.     

从《居民委员会组织法》和《村民委员会组织法》论扩大基层民主

以什么形式和途经实行直接民主 ,是中国基层民主建设的重大课题之一 ,实行居民自治和村民自治制度 ,是中国基层民主建设的重大突破 ,具有划时代的重要意义。但是中国的直接民主还不够 ,还需进一步扩大