Pride and shame in collective memory of Russian and American youths

This article examines collective attitudes of American and Russian students toward national historical events that elicit pride or shame. The authors use the results of a quantitative questionnaire and analysis of in-depth interviews among students of leading American and Russian universities to identify the temporal localization, the content structure, and the prevalence of either hard or soft power in students’ attitudes of pride or shame. The authors argue that perceptions of the past have been a core component of national identity and may have an impact on citizens’ political behavior in the present. The authors also stress that major differences in young people’s understanding of the past may influence future US–Russia relations.     

Panacea or Snake Oil? Interest‐Based Bargaining in the U.S. Airline and Rail Industries

This study of interest‐based bargaining (IBB) examined past usage, current preferences, and future intentions to use this approach in U.S. airline and railroad labor negotiations. Based on a survey of eighty‐four union and management chief negotiators, we found that the personal attributes of the chief negotiator (orientation toward relationships, personal conflict handling style, and competency in IBB approaches) were strong predictors of the past use of IBB. However, personal affinities and styles became irrelevant as experience with IBB accumulated. The negotiator's preferences for IBB in general were strongly correlated to his or her awareness of other carriers' and unions' experiences with IBB, as well as to his or her own direct experience. The negotiator's intention to use IBB in the future was also related to the quality of the contract personally obtained through IBB practices. The study also revealed the unpopularity of IBB among labor negotiators relative to their management counterparts.     

Repression,opportunity, and innovation: The evolution of terrorism in Xinjiang,China

How does state repression affect the incidence and impact of terrorism? This study conducts a process tracing analysis of the ongoing contention between the Uyghur separatist movement and the Chinese state to provide a plausible explanation for the present lack of consensus on this question. Relying on insights from collective action theory, it argues that although repression was initially successful in curtailing the opportunistic use of terrorism, novel political opportunity allowed some separatists to adopt innovations, such as suicide bombing, to circumvent repression. Repression has since proved ineffective in quelling terrorism, and will likely remain incapable of forestalling future terrorist innovations.     

理想与现实:非盟与非洲集体安全机制的建构

21世纪,随着全球化的加速发展和非洲民族解放运动的结束,非洲大陆面临的历史主题已由“求独立”发展到“求和平”、“求发展”。维护非洲大陆的和平、安全与稳定,成为非盟继经济发展之后的又一主要历史任务。相比非统而言,非盟在安全机制的设计、自主维和原则的创新、区域意识的塑造等方面有许多重大历史突破。但非洲集体安全机制的理想预期与实际效果之间还有巨大差距,政治热忱与现实困境之间也存在巨大反差,这是非洲集体安全机制发展不可回避的事实,也是当前非洲政治发展必须设法解决的头等大事。非洲集体安全机制的进一步发展还必须正视几个重大问题,诸如怎样处理冲突控制中的干预政策(“非漠视”原则)与国家主权的关系,如何协调自主维和原则与争取外援的关系等。     

人类“公共利益”正当性的探求与“公共悖论”的有效化解

社会"公共利益"与个人利益的冲突作为一种"价值两难",是人类自身生存和实践的常态,是受生存规律的制约而形成的人类不得不面临的基本现实;对公共利益的理解,经历了一个从抽象的道德原则向具体个体的共同福利转变的过程。在现实中,"公共利益"与个人利益的冲突通常表现为所谓的"公共悖论":多数选择与正义原则之间的冲突;个人理性与公共利益之间的冲突;政府利益与公共利益之间的冲突等。     

法律实施及其相关概念辨析

法律的生命在于它的实行。法律实施是指法律规范在社会生活中被人们实际贯彻与施行。它是将法律规范的抽象行为模式转化为人们的具体行为的过程;是使法律从书本上的法律变成行动中的法律,从应然状态进到实然状态的过程;是由法律规范的抽象的可能性转变为具体的现实性的过程。法律实施是实现法的目的的重要方式。在当代中国,立法已驶入快车道,社会主义市场经济法律体系也基本建立。但是,法律的实施状况和效益并不尽如人意,一个重要的原因是对法律实施的基本理论缺乏研究,对法律实施的实践缺乏总结,法律实施已成为社会主义法治国家建设中迫切需要解决的时代课题。因此,本文着眼于法律实施的基本含义、内在规定性及其相关概念的辨析,致力于法律实施与法律实现、法律效力、法律实效、法律效果和法律效益的联系和区别的探讨,藉以为法律实施的学术研究和实践活动提供基本的知识铺垫。     

由一起官司看网络环境下数字作品的著作权保护问题

信息技术的飞速发展,使得网络环境下的数字作品创作和传播方式相对于传统方式发生巨大变化,与之俱来的是数字作品的著作权保护问题形成了对传统著作权的巨大挑战。从一起相关案件入手,分析了产生数字作品著作权问题的原因,并提出网络环境下的数字著作权保护问题应从法律及信息技术两方面寻求解决的出路。     

劳动规章制度效力模型研究

用人单位劳动规章制度的效力原则主要有明确性原则、比例原则和除外原则。明确性原则应当摒弃,比例原则应当借鉴,除外原则需要甄别。劳动规章制度效力阶位可以分为"效力模型"和"基准模型"两大体系。一般"效力模型"是指法律(劳动法或基准法)效力最高、集体合同第二、劳动合同次之、劳动规章制度(含劳动纪律)最低;"基准模型"指劳动规章制度的基准最高、劳动合同基准第二、集体合同次之、法律(劳动法或基准法)最低即为兜底条款或底线。     

集体协商的工资效应与非工资效应研究 —— 基于中国雇主—雇员匹配数据

研究基于中国雇主—雇员匹配数据追踪调查(2013),通过对工资、津贴等现金性收入和劳动安全保障等与工作环境相关的非工资因素分别进行OLS和有序Probit回归,检验集体合同的工资效应和非工资效应。结果显示,集体合同的签订对员工工资和津贴等现金性收入的影响并不显著,对劳动安全保障和卫生条件等非工资性因素均呈显著正相关关系。在集体协商的推行过程中,应避免流于形式,改变重"合同数量"轻"合同质量"的单一指标化管理模式,在改善员工工作环境等非工资效应的同时也应关注如何有效提高集体协商的工资效应。     

群体劳动争议的隐患与预防实证研究

企业群体劳动争议数量逐年上升,而我国对群体劳动争议的名称、法律规定、行为结果乃至预防制度大都模糊不清。针对劳动关系市场化进程中日益激烈的劳资矛盾,集体协商机制的健全愈发显得有效而重要。观察我国几项典型群体劳动争议的前因后果,研究企业、劳动者、社会共存共亡的发展规律,重新构建集体协商谈判机制、完善工会权责制度、用法律手段处理群体劳动争议,以降低其负面影响的长效机制显得尤为必要。