行政调解概念之实在法分析

清楚地界定行政调解的内涵和外延,是科学构建行政调解制度的基础,而行政调解构造性的矛盾使得难以为其精确地定义。因此,应该放弃在现行行政行为体系中为行政调解寻求定位,着重其本质功能,采用最狭义的行政调解概念,突出政府调解职能在解决民事纠纷中的独立价值。     

对刑法中行贿罪的理解

我国《刑法》第三百八十九条关于行贿罪的规定有三款内容。其中第二款之规定笔者认为是特指商业领域里的商业贿赂犯罪。认定在经济往来中的行贿罪不以＂谋取不正当利益＂为条件,这里符合立法本意的,同时也是多年司法实践经验的总结,文章对此进行了分析研究。     

能动司法背景下家事调解机制必要性研究

在一个利益多元、价值多元的时代,家事纠纷的解决机制也呈现出多样化的特点,在这些机制中,家事调解既符合世界发展的趋势,又有深厚的本土基础。能动司法揭示了社会主义司法理念的本质特征,这也为中国特色家事调解机制提供了重要的理论依据。     

Commercial Choice of Law in Context: Looking Beyond Rome

English courts are frequently criticised for their flexible approach to the finding of implied choice and the use of the escape clause in the context of the Rome I Regulation/Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations. This paper argues that such criticism is misplaced. Based on empirical evidence, the article shows that those choice of law decisions are directly influenced by their procedural context and respond to the need to balance the multiple policy issues generated by international commercial litigation. In particular, English decisions need to be assessed in light of three distinct factors: the standard of proof required at different stages of the procedure in England, the national policy to promote England as a center for commercial dispute resolution and the incentives to export English law in certain strategic industries. The use of implied choice and the escape clause to achieve these ends constitutes a legitimate practice that does not frustrate the aims of the EU choice of law regime.     

Peace from the Inside: Exploring the Role of the Insider-Partial Mediator

Previous quantitative research on mediation in intrastate and interstate conflicts has highlighted the role of external mediators. This study represents the first effort to systematically explore the role of internal—insider-partial—mediators. We suggest that the insider-partial mediators bring important indigenous resources to a peace process and that they can complement external mediators by mitigating the bargaining problem of information failure. Exploring new data on the occurrence and effect of mediation in unarmed insurrections from 1970–2006, we find that the insider-partial mediators significantly increase the likelihood of negotiated agreements. This applies even after controlling for so-called selection effects, where external mediators are selected, or self-selected, into the most difficult conflict situations, whereas insider-partial mediators are utilized in conflict situations that are less severe; and where insider-partial mediators have a substantially higher frequency of activity in unarmed as compared to armed insurrections. We therefore conclude that the insider-partial mediators play an important and positive role in peacemaking that merits further exploration.     

社区调解中的合作主义——基于西南某市调研的分析

转型期的社区纠纷以内生型纠纷为主,外生型纠纷则与经济发达程度、城市化程度呈正比,二者均属于"可控型纠纷"。作为内生型纠纷解决机制,社区调解体现出了纠纷解决合作主义,涉及"政府/社区"与"调解者/当事人"两个维度。在未来相当长的时期内,社区调解合作主义的发展向度是:纠纷解决机制应以力量整合的面目出现,强调不同调解力量的合作;政府力量与社区调解力量合作的结果在于实现一种强制性平衡与整合性均衡,通过政府主导下的基层政府与社区力量之合作实现基层社会的有序与协调;政府力量的选择性介入须严格限制,且把握好介入的适当性,以确保社区/民众的纠纷解决自主性。     

大调解运行机制研究——以安徽的实践为视点

建立和完善大调解机制是创新社会管理的重点内容。安徽省已初步建成体系科学合理、运转富有成效的大调解机制,文章从安徽省的实践和取得的经验出发,进一步思考其内在机理,大调解机制应当具备国家动员性、多元复合性、协调整合性、开放包容性等基本特征。大调解机制应以有利于当事人合意的形成与自由意志的维护、有利于矛盾纠纷的有效化解与社会秩序的和谐稳定、有利于各种调解资源的整合与良性互动、有利于法治精神与和合精神的共存互补、有利于社会自我解纷能力的提升与市民社会的发育作为价值目标。大调解机制需要在规范化、配套机制、评价标准、律师调解、调解队伍建设等层面进一步加以完善。     

Smuggling of Indian Citizens

Abstract

This study examines the smuggling of Indian citizens to other countries and aims at gaining an insight into the modus operandi of the smugglers. It is based on an empirical study of deportation cases of Indian citizens from other countries.

About three-quarters of the deportees who accessed the services of smugglers belonged to the State of Punjab. Almost 80 per cent of the deportees were young and in the age group of 18-30. About 28 per cent of the deportees succeeded in reaching their countries of destination with the help of smugglers. Thus, the success rate of illegal migration with the help of smugglers is higher by more than quarter than without them.

Individual deportees had paid sums varying from US$ 2000 to US$ 10,000 to smugglers. No correlations have been observed between the countries of destination and the amounts paid to smugglers.

The study has shown that smuggling of aliens is carried out by professional organizations with links in the countries of source, transition, and destination. The study concludes that so long as opportunities for legal migration are limited there will always be a demand for smugglers. In order to prevent and control smuggling an international co-operation among countries of source, transition, and destination would be imperative. It would also be desirable to widen the ambit of legal migration for low-skill jobs like in agriculture, construction works, and service sectors for limited periods through country-specific bilateral agreements.     

刑事和解实务的经济分析

我国新《刑事诉讼法》以立法的形式明确了刑事和解的基本程序和要求，为多年来司法实践中广泛开展的刑事和解工作提供了法律依据。刑事和解在贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策、创建和谐社会等方面有着重要的意义，同时其符合刑法民法化，构建多元纠纷解决机制等现代司法改革发展的方向。但实践中刑事和解开展更多是符合“成本收益”计算的经济学规律，我们应当充分认识和解过程中的经济运行原理，从而更有效地运用好刑事和解，使其为社会创造更多“福利”。     

和谐语境下行政案件司法权运行探究——以司法权运行场域为视角

于司法权运行场域之视角,行政案件协调和解是一种"会场司法"模式;"从‘剧场’到‘会场’"象征着我国行政案件司法权在两种不同空间场域先后运行之时空路径和"仪式与非仪式结合运行"之理想类型,反映着转型时期中国社会的权力与权利关系结构。"会场式司法"是自治本位和纠纷解决型而非传统的政府本位和科层型司法,展现着民主、合意、开放、和谐的司法权形象,是对基于传统行政诉讼理论所建构的"剧场式司法"程序及其价值的解构,但其制度性弊端和运作不当之风险决定应按正当程序标准进行重构:在价值构造上实现程序之内在价值、直接外在价值及衍生价值的统一;在规范形态上具备形式法治之外观与实质法治之内涵。