我国应实行实质商法主义的民商分立——兼论我国的商事立法模式

我国法学界对于如何处理民法与商法的关系、如何处理或建构我国商事立法模式存在着较大的争议和分歧。论文通过对四种不同形态的商事立法模式的阐释 ,对我国商事立法模式抉择的争议进行了评析 ,主张我国应实行以《商法通则》为统率的实质商法主义的民商分立。     

中俄国际商事合同之国际贸易法适用

中国和俄罗斯是世界市场的成员,中、俄企业家在进行对外贸易活动时必须关注国际性的原则和规定.国际贸易法文件的适用能够帮助两国的商人按照国际标准来确定他们之间的法律关系,从而进行对外贸易活动.本篇文章的目标是研究在中俄贸易中《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》、《国际贸易术语解释通则》、交货共同条件以及国际标准合同的适用,并分析与这些文件适用有关的问题.     

《劳动合同法》执行过程中疑难问题探讨

2008年以来,随着《劳动合同法》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》的实施,特别是《劳动合同法实施条例》的颁布施行,虽然澄清了《劳动合同法》中的一些模糊问题,但是,围绕企业规章制度、双重劳动关系、经济补偿金和赔偿金的计算、追索加班费的举证责任和加班工资基数,以及社会保险争议等问题,人们的认识和仲裁、司法的审理和执行仍比较混乱。因此,有待于通过进一步学习劳动法律,在实践中对《劳动合同法》及《实施条例》执行过程中的某些疑难问题做进一步探讨。     

商法的独立性与商事审判的独立化

商事审判独立化既是商法独立性的必然要求和主要标志,同时也是实现商法独立性的重要保障,没有商事审判的独立化就没有真正意义上的商法独立。实现商事审判独立化的关键首先在于确立独立的商事审判理念,这些理念主要包括重效率的审判理念、侧重动态保护和强调利益均衡的审判理念、尊重当事人意思自治的审判理念及促进商事交易效率与安全并重的理念等。在商事审判程序的具体设计上,应当在充分把握商事审判特殊性的基础上,建立独立的法官队伍并对法官的自由裁量权做出必要限制,注重法院司法能动性的发挥,确立商事惯例和商事判例作为法律渊源的地位和作用,注意发挥诉讼替代程序在商事纠纷争议解决中的作用,强化诚信原则在商事裁判中的独特作用,充分尊重国际惯例在商事审判中的作用。     

以国际商事法庭为核心的我国“一站式”国际商事纠纷解决机制建设

我国提出建立诉讼、调解、仲裁有效衔接的多元化一站式国际商事纠纷解决机制。国际商事法庭作为该机制的核心不仅要扩张其管辖,还需要对调解和仲裁提供司法支持和监督,并深化国际商事专家委员会的职能。国际商事纠纷解决机制需要配套程序法的国际化,为此要引入国际化的商事调解,完善国际商事仲裁法律制度,民事诉讼法也要有所突破和创新,并在多双边层面推动国际商事调解协议和判决的跨境执行。     

论大调解格局下的人民调解制度定位

大调解格局是对我国社会转型、社会矛盾激增、社会纠纷亟须有效解决的积极回应,是社会管理创新之举。而人民调解制度源于传统调解制度,发展于建国后,对于预防纠纷、解决纠纷曾发挥过重大作用。但在新时期,人民调解一度因不适应社会发展未能充分发挥作用。大调解格局的形成,为人民调解的回归与功能的新定位创造条件。人民调解是社区建设、社区自治的必然要求,可以有市场、管理和司法模式的选择。人民调解是个多元的、开放的体系。     

Overcoming Barriers to Mediation in Intake Calls to Services: Research‐Based Strategies for Mediators

In this article, I investigate intake calls to community mediation services in which disputing neighbors ask mediators to help them resolve their conflicts. These calls are the first point of contact between potential clients and mediators. To maintain their organization's funding, mediators must convert a sufficient number of these callers into clients of the service. Intake calls, however, are not treated as part of the mediation process proper, and mediators are not trained to handle them. I audio‐recorded and transcribed approximately two hundred calls to mediation services based in the United Kingdom and then analyzed them using conversation analysis. I identified several factors routinely present in these intake calls that seemed to prevent disputants from ultimately engaging in the mediation process; I characterize these factors as “barriers to mediation.” These barriers include callers' lack of knowledge about mediation as a service and mediators' often ineffective methods of explaining the process. In particular, callers rejected mediation services when the mediators explained that mediation is an impartial service. Some of the mediators, however, managed intake calls differently, describing it more effectively, expressing empathy or affiliation with callers, and thus were able to overcome many of the callers' most common concerns about the process. In this article, I also discuss this study's implications for understanding the institution of mediation and for training mediators.     

法院调解“内卷化”与调解资源外部植入——以Q市两级法院人大代表协助诉讼调解实践为例

在纠纷解决的资源视角下,法院调解资源的投放情况攸关调解的效能。由于缺乏传统"马锡五审判方式"所隐含的"熟人权威"资源背景,法官更多通过增加调解工作频度以弥补熟人资源的缺失,造成了诉讼调解的"内卷化"。地方实践中的人大代表协助诉讼调解,在人大代表介入调解的正当性基础上,通过常识性话语资源优势和社会资本优势,为法院调解提供了"意外"资源支持的机遇结构,在一定程度上改善了调解"内卷化"问题。     

Victim–Offender Mediation in Cases of Intimate Relationship Violence—Ideals,Attitudes, and Practices in Finland

In Finland the first experimental mediation projects founded on the principles and ideals of restorative justice were started in the beginning of the 1980s. Before the Act on Mediation in Criminal and Certain Civil Cases (1015/2005) came into force in 2006, mediation services were provided by cities, municipalities, and non-governmental organizations. Victim–offender mediation (VOM) practices varied, and there was minimal guidance and supervision by state authorities. The Act (1015/2005) aimed to standardize mediation services and practices and enable evaluation of VOM in order to provide solutions to some of the issues raised regarding mediation in intimate relationship violence (IRV). The Act states that only police or prosecutors may initiate the process for referring a case that involves intimate relationship violence. Furthermore, mediators/facilitators who handle IRV cases are required to attain further training. This article examines the ideals, attitudes, and practices of VOM in relation to intimate relationship violence in Finland. The aims and ideals stipulated in the Act on Mediation are presented and later compared to actual practices of VOM which were obtained through the review of documented agreements. These were the end-results of VOM in cases of intimate relationship violence. The empirical data also included a questionnaire sent to mediators in three offices as well as a national questionnaire sent to prosecutors.     

论建设工程合同规范定位的嬗变及完善

建设工程合同的规范调整,经历了从统一到分离的长期演变过程,其最终从承揽合同中分离乃因其规范的法律关系的特殊性。然而此种特殊性已非民事合同规范所能容纳或解决,未来建设工程合同制度的规范定位,有待注重商事合同规则和社会公共利益的要求。