论刑事和解的正义冲突及其消解

刑事和解的构建初衷在于强化刑事被害人的保护,但刑事和解的适用却无疑一定程度地弱化了对犯罪人的惩罚。被害人保护与犯罪人惩罚均为社会的正义诉求,却在刑事和解中产生冲突。应当在价值松绑、立法解危、司法开路中消解刑事和解中的正义冲突。     

城镇化背景下我国商业地产的发展——一个灰色关联分析视角

新型城镇化建设是中国经济社会发展的强力引擎，商业地产是城镇化发展中必不可少的一环。本文从宏观经济、人口状况、批发零售业、居民购买力和城市建设五个方面，选取20个指标，利用灰色关联分析方法，对影响我国商业地产发展的因子进行识别，揭示影响商业地产发展的主导因子，为商业地产的科学、健康发展提供依据。研究结果表明，商业地产销售额、商业地产开发投资额与批发零售业销售额的关联度最强；相对于商业地产销售额，商业地产开发投资额和广义货币供应量的关联度更高；商业地产销售额、开发投资额与不同影响因子的关联强弱程度大致相同。提出丰富商业地产业态、加强金融引导、完成城市配套资源规划等政策建议。     

论处罚电子商务中商业贿赂犯罪的困境及对策

电子商务中商业贿赂犯罪有别于我国刑法中的传统犯罪,现行刑法对其适用存在空白地带,给侦查、审查起诉以及审判活动带来了司法困境,为此我国亟需加大侦查力度,完善刑法规定及刑事诉讼和证据规则,改善电子商务的运营环境,从而有效发挥刑法对电子商务犯罪的规制效用.     

论大调解格局下的人民调解制度定位

大调解格局是对我国社会转型、社会矛盾激增、社会纠纷亟须有效解决的积极回应,是社会管理创新之举。而人民调解制度源于传统调解制度,发展于建国后,对于预防纠纷、解决纠纷曾发挥过重大作用。但在新时期,人民调解一度因不适应社会发展未能充分发挥作用。大调解格局的形成,为人民调解的回归与功能的新定位创造条件。人民调解是社区建设、社区自治的必然要求,可以有市场、管理和司法模式的选择。人民调解是个多元的、开放的体系。     

Overcoming Barriers to Mediation in Intake Calls to Services: Research‐Based Strategies for Mediators

In this article, I investigate intake calls to community mediation services in which disputing neighbors ask mediators to help them resolve their conflicts. These calls are the first point of contact between potential clients and mediators. To maintain their organization's funding, mediators must convert a sufficient number of these callers into clients of the service. Intake calls, however, are not treated as part of the mediation process proper, and mediators are not trained to handle them. I audio‐recorded and transcribed approximately two hundred calls to mediation services based in the United Kingdom and then analyzed them using conversation analysis. I identified several factors routinely present in these intake calls that seemed to prevent disputants from ultimately engaging in the mediation process; I characterize these factors as “barriers to mediation.” These barriers include callers' lack of knowledge about mediation as a service and mediators' often ineffective methods of explaining the process. In particular, callers rejected mediation services when the mediators explained that mediation is an impartial service. Some of the mediators, however, managed intake calls differently, describing it more effectively, expressing empathy or affiliation with callers, and thus were able to overcome many of the callers' most common concerns about the process. In this article, I also discuss this study's implications for understanding the institution of mediation and for training mediators.     

法院调解“内卷化”与调解资源外部植入——以Q市两级法院人大代表协助诉讼调解实践为例

在纠纷解决的资源视角下,法院调解资源的投放情况攸关调解的效能。由于缺乏传统"马锡五审判方式"所隐含的"熟人权威"资源背景,法官更多通过增加调解工作频度以弥补熟人资源的缺失,造成了诉讼调解的"内卷化"。地方实践中的人大代表协助诉讼调解,在人大代表介入调解的正当性基础上,通过常识性话语资源优势和社会资本优势,为法院调解提供了"意外"资源支持的机遇结构,在一定程度上改善了调解"内卷化"问题。     

Victim–Offender Mediation in Cases of Intimate Relationship Violence—Ideals,Attitudes, and Practices in Finland

In Finland the first experimental mediation projects founded on the principles and ideals of restorative justice were started in the beginning of the 1980s. Before the Act on Mediation in Criminal and Certain Civil Cases (1015/2005) came into force in 2006, mediation services were provided by cities, municipalities, and non-governmental organizations. Victim–offender mediation (VOM) practices varied, and there was minimal guidance and supervision by state authorities. The Act (1015/2005) aimed to standardize mediation services and practices and enable evaluation of VOM in order to provide solutions to some of the issues raised regarding mediation in intimate relationship violence (IRV). The Act states that only police or prosecutors may initiate the process for referring a case that involves intimate relationship violence. Furthermore, mediators/facilitators who handle IRV cases are required to attain further training. This article examines the ideals, attitudes, and practices of VOM in relation to intimate relationship violence in Finland. The aims and ideals stipulated in the Act on Mediation are presented and later compared to actual practices of VOM which were obtained through the review of documented agreements. These were the end-results of VOM in cases of intimate relationship violence. The empirical data also included a questionnaire sent to mediators in three offices as well as a national questionnaire sent to prosecutors.     

论建设工程合同规范定位的嬗变及完善

建设工程合同的规范调整,经历了从统一到分离的长期演变过程,其最终从承揽合同中分离乃因其规范的法律关系的特殊性。然而此种特殊性已非民事合同规范所能容纳或解决,未来建设工程合同制度的规范定位,有待注重商事合同规则和社会公共利益的要求。     

“HEALTHFUL GOODS”: HEALTH,HYGIENE, AND COMMERCIAL CULTURE IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY SHANGHAI

Abstract

This article examines the development of Shanghai’s household-chemical industry, which produced and sold soap, toothpowder, and toothpaste, and other personal hygiene items, and discusses how the ideas of health and hygiene became an integral part of the city’s commercial culture in the early twentieth century. Through various commercial strategies, Shanghai’s businessmen promoted their commodities and hygiene practices simultaneously. They also actively participated in mass movements organized by the Nationalist state, since such movements provided a marketing opportunity for them. This article argues that precisely because they were doing business, Shanghai’s small entrepreneurs successfully connected personal hygiene, national strength, and the act of buying.     

Public Enterprise Reforms and Financial Performance of Government Commercial Companies of Fiji

Public enterprise reform is no new phenomenon. Since the late 1970s, state intervention in the market has been increasingly challenged, acquiring a more ideological form with the rise of ultra-conservative governments in the UK and USA. Like other countries across the world, Fiji has also attempted to reform its public enterprises. This article compares the performance of corporatized public enterprises that sit at different levels of financial performance. Such enterprises have experienced reforms but with mixed financial outcomes. Overall, the major finding of this research is that there is no single factor that can lead to better or poor financial performance.