欧共体法律一体化探析

欧共体法律一体化是对区域经济一体化的回应,是形成统一大市场的客观要求和必然结果,体现为成员国法律的协调和统一,其核心是共同法律意识(法律精神)的培植。文章分别从共同大市场的运作(尤其是商品、资本、人力和服务的跨国自由流通)和共同体制度建设两个方面论证了实现法律一体化的必要性及其意义。     

Political theory in historical context. Reflections on Democratic Justice and the Social Contract by Albert Weale

In Democratic Justice and the Social Contract, Weale defends a contractarian theory of social justice following what he calls the ‘empirical method’, which consists in grounding ethics and politics on the observation of concrete examples of social contracts, rather than abstract speculations. In this paper, I will make three critical remarks. First, the empirical method is open to the same objections usually raised against more abstract approaches to social contract theory: by an appropriate choice of the starting point, one can justify any ethical or political position. Second, Weale’s focus on the societies that were successful in managing common pool resources appears arbitrary: other social organizations (e.g. hunters and gatherers societies) would be a more obvious choice. Finally, in following the empirical method, philosophers must be willing to import into ethics and politics the same problems of interpretation one encounters in theoretical social sciences. As an example, I will show that Weale’s position on the welfare state depends on the interpretation he gives of some practices observed in the societies he chooses as models. Different interpretations of the same practices would induce Weale to revise his positions.     

Perceptions of CSDP effectiveness in Ukraine: a host state perspective

This article makes a contribution to the little explored issue of evaluating the effectiveness of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Drawing on the interviews with local beneficiaries of two missions in Ukraine, one CSDP proper (European Union Advisory Mission) and the other a “hybrid” mission (EU Border Assistance Mission), the article analyses which factors shape the local beneficiaries’ perception of a mission being effective or non-effective. It shows the reputational approach deriving from the organisational theory can offer a fruitful theoretical framework for understanding CSDP perceived effectiveness on the ground. The article contributes to the studies of CSDP and its engagement with the host state as well as to the nascent academic and policy literature on CSDP and Ukraine.     

Bureaucratization and administrative development in Africa: A reading of Riggs' theory of prismatic society

Poor bureaucratization in prismatic (transitional) societies is attributed to malintegration of the ideal bureaucratic principles with subsisting traditional sociocultural features by Fred Riggs. Riggs has been severely criticized on many fronts, yet aspects of his theory remain relevant towards explaining persistent poor administrative behaviour in most African countries. This article applies Riggs' notion of poly‐communalism and poly‐normativism to explain the contribution of low state identity to persistent poor administrative behaviour in Africa. Historical institutionalism theory is also used to attempt at resolving the challenge of equilibrium for which Riggs' theory is commonly criticized. The author avers that communalism, a value that supports group interest in a traditional society, subsists in most poly‐communal transitional African countries, leading to distortions in administrative behaviour. A good number of African countries were mobilized through colonialism but poorly assimilated, thus lacking strong common state identity, which leads to ineffective public administration. The article suggests that resolving the trapping of the administrative system in Africa requires resolving the challenge of poly‐communalism and lack of common identity among a state population.     

不动产登记申请的法理与规则

登记申请是不动产登记的主要启动机制。申请行为本质上为有相对人的表意行为,但不属于法律行为,具有程序法行为的特质。登记申请应当实行到达生效主义,不能撤销但可以撤回,撤回登记申请须在登记完成前进行。登记申请的主要效力在于对登记机关的形成力、对登记程序的启动力、对物权变动的彰显力、对登记顺位的预定力。因虚假的登记申请资料引致的登记错误,登记机关应当对受害人承担赔偿责任,尔后向登记申请人追偿。     

《矛盾论》与马克思主义矛盾动力理论体系的形成

马克思恩格斯批判地继承、发展了黑格尔的矛盾动力观,创立了唯物辩证的矛盾动力论,经列宁和毛泽东的丰富、发展,形成了比较完备的马克思主义矛盾动力理论体系,《矛盾论》是其代表作。《矛盾论》从内部矛盾与外部矛盾的结合、同一性与斗争性的共同作用、主要矛盾与次要矛盾的不同作用上,多层次多方面地阐明了矛盾如何推动事物发展的机理,对唯物辩证法理论的深化作出了重要贡献。     

The Principle of Proportionality: Summary and Consensus in the 6th International Conference on Human Rights Protection Under Pandemic Prevention and Control,Beijing (China) 2020

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and China’s regularized pandemic prevention and control, leading legal scholars from China, North America, and Eurasia participated in The 6th International Conference on Human Rights Protection under Pandemic Prevention and Control. Participants engaged in fruitful discussions on the normative necessity and practical relevance of the principle of proportionality in justifying their current governments’ anti-pandemic measures. Focusing on pandemic-related human rights conditions and rule of law challenges in global contexts, this article summarizes the participating scholars’ speeches through the integrated lens of human rights and the jurisprudence of health law in the COVID-19 containment phase. Speeches can be divided into six topical dimensions, involving normative utility, governance logic, reasonable limits, constitutional criteria, viable approaches, and post-pandemic challenges with respect to the principle of proportionality. To provide a more policy-relevant and theoretically sound framework for a community of common health for mankind, this article succinctly concludes with a series of overlapping consensus on the application of the principle of proportionality in the fight against the pandemic. This consensus, tentatively named the “Renmin Human Rights Consensus,” builds on five interrelated elements and generates five human rights assertions and a series of specific principles of health law.     

腹腔镜胆管探查联合十二味疏肝利胆冲剂治疗肝外胆管结石20例

目的 观察腹腔镜胆管探查联合十二味疏肝利胆冲剂治疗肝外胆管结石的临床疗效。方法 采用临床随机对照试验,将40例肝外胆管结石患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组20例。对照组患者行腹腔镜胆总管探查术,术后给予常规补液、抗感染治疗;研究组患者在对照组疗法的基础上口服十二味疏肝利胆冲剂。治疗后观察两组的临床疗效及血常规指标（白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板）、肝功能指标（天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转移酶）、血清胆汁生化指标（总胆汁酸、总胆红素、结合胆红素、非结合胆红素）、T管引流量的变化。结果 两组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组在降低血常规指标、肝功能指标、血清胆汁生化指标及提高胆汁引流量方面显著优于对照组。结论 腹腔镜胆管探查联合十二味疏肝利胆冲剂口服,有利于控制术后胆管炎症,促进术后肝功能恢复和残余结石排除,防治结石再生。     

“山海协作”促进共同富裕的实践、创新与价值

“山海协作”是习近平关于区域协调发展重要论述的理论源泉之一,旨在推进发达地区与欠发达地区加强协同合作与共同发展,是促进缩小区域差距、实现共同富裕的浙江探索。在实践中,“山海协作”突破了西方“资本逻辑”的援助模式,构建了具有中国特色社会主义制度特征的“人本逻辑”帮扶模式。“山海协作”更加强调激发帮扶与被帮扶的“共同体”活力与内生主导发展潜力,形成蕴含外部赋能与内生动力培育的协同机制、“政府、市场与社会”多方参与的互动机制、激发优势与互助协作互利机制的区域双向驱动内生发展理论,丰富了中国区域经济发展与共同富裕实践的创新理论。     

从对俄政策调整看日本周边外交的困境

日俄关系在日本的周边外交中占有重要位置,近年来日本试图通过调整对俄政策彰显外交的自主性,改善周边外交状况,推出了一些新的政策措施。首先,日本建议绕开领土问题,扩大与俄罗斯的经济合作,为两国关系的彻底改善,也为最终解决领土问题奠定基础。其次,提出日俄在争议领土从事"共同经济活动"的建议,旨在与俄罗斯在争议领土进行"共同"开发,获得俄罗斯默认日本对争议领土具有主权权利,以便打开日俄关系的大门。第三,日本试图通过调整对俄政策改善周边关系,维护日本在周边外交中的有利地位。但是,日本的对俄政策依然受到内外因素限制,俄罗斯不会轻易在领土问题上让步,日本国内舆论也不可能支持政府在领土问题上让步,日俄之间也不可能在领土问题上达成共识,日俄之间的经济合作也很难脱离政治环境而有所扩大,特别是在日美同盟的框架下,日俄合作具有局限性,日本的周边外交仍然陷于困境之中。