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从统一进步联盟（UPA）的最低共同纲领看印度新政府对弱势群体的关注

本文从统一进步联盟的最低纲领入手 ,分析了印度新政府吸取前任政府教训 ,关注弱势群体的政策及其初步表现 ,并指出 ,新政府虽然关注弱势群体 ,并做出相当努力 ,但鉴于印度弱势群体的庞大规模及种种条件的限制。要在短期内改善弱势群体的处境 ,恐非易事。     

Somali Community Organizations in London and Toronto: Collaboration and Effectiveness

This article considers the high number of Somali community organizationsin both London and Toronto. Drawing on interviews in both locationswith Somali women refugees and discussions with those involvedin their resettlement, evidence shows that many Somalis continueto feel marginalized in terms of service provision and thatcollective representation is limited, despite the high numberof specifically Somali organizations that exist. Through a comparisonof the Somali community organizations in London and Toronto,this article highlights factors which have inhibited the developmentof a united, collaborative Somali voice. Contributory factorsare shown to derive partly from the persistent clan dynamicsamong Somalis and the solutions Somalis find, and partly fromfailings in service and funding provision. It is argued that,in the Somali case, exclusionary dynamics undermine the roleof community organizations in rebuilding community and belongingand providing a safe and empowering setting in which individualsand communities may regain confidence and begin the processof integration within the receiving society.     

Membership accession in the African Union: The relationship between enforcement and compliance,and the case for differential membership

It is argued in this paper that the level of non-compliance is high in the Organisation of African Unity/African Union in part because the organisation failed to institute and enforce strict membership accession conditionalities. Across the life of the organisation, this has resulted in non-compliance, mainly the non-payment of dues and non-implementation of policies. This position adds a historical dimension to arguments that identify weak economic capacity and the lack of political will as the main sources of non-compliance. It also supports the thesis that the enforcement of strict accession rules prepares states to perform their obligations and sets them up to receive benefits from the group. In 2002, Africa's continental body changed its mandate from liberation to integration. Since integration requires the strict enforcement of accession rules, the paper suggests that the organisation proceed by choosing differential membership to align the behaviour of its members to their obligations.     

农村新型社区建设中存在的问题和解决思路——以四川成都和山东济宁为例

我国城镇化进程的加快,农村城市化、农业产业化快速发展的趋势,对乡村治理和公共服务的提供提出了挑战。2009年农村新型社区建设的提出正是作为推动这一发展的主要途径。目前,农村新型社区建设尚处于试验示范阶段,在各地社区建设中,不可避免会遇到如何处理新型社区与村民自治、双层经营体制之间关系的两大问题,成都和济宁的探索提供了可借鉴的经验,但改革仍面临体制困境和自组织程度低的问题。而此次乡村社会的变革能否全面顺利推进,还需要国家在法律层面对农村新型社区进行清晰定位,理清它与农村原有基本制度的关系,以切实保障村民权利。     

Thoughts on Juvenile Justice Systems and Research

This article updates comments published in this journal in 1994 about the nature of the American juvenile justice system, which laid out reasons that it might not serve as a useful model for other nations. Since that time, the US system has moved further right towards the justice model and away from the welfare model. Individualistic philosophies and political conservatism have combined to produce a more adult-like and punitive juvenile system, applied to increasing numbers of minors and to increasingly younger minors. Successful demonstrations of community absorption or treatment have been too few to balance the rightward direction. European scholars are urged to undertake increased studies in two critical areas: (1) the nature, functions, and comparative differences in their juvenile justice systems, and (2) the nature of local communities and their contributions to patterns of delinquency.     

Digital citizenship? Narrative exchange and the changing terms of civic culture

This article explores the possibilities for new forms of ‘digital citizenship’ currently emerging through digitally supported processes of narrative exchange. Using Dahlgren's (Dahlgren, P. 2003. “Reconfiguring Civic Culture in the New Media Milieu.” In Media and the Restyling of Politics, edited by J. Corner, and D. Pels, 151–170. London: Sage; Dahlgren, P. 2009. Media and Political Engagement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.) circuit of ‘civic culture’ as a model for exploring the interlinking preconditions for new acts of citizenship, we discuss the contrasting outcomes of research at three fieldwork sites in the North of England – educational (a sixth form college), civil society (a community reporters' network) and social (a local club). Each site provided clear evidence of the elements of Dahlgren's circuit (some depending on the intensive use of digital infrastructure, others predating it), but there were also breaks in the circuit that constrained its effectiveness. A crucial factor in each case for building a lasting circuit of civic culture (and an effective base for new forms of digital citizenship) is the role that digital infrastructure can play in extending the scale of interactions beyond the purely local.     

从联锁社群到社会网络：走向民间交流的两岸关系理论

民间交流日渐成为两岸交流的重心,与此相应,两岸关系理论需要从＂国家中心＂走向＂社会中心＂。但是既有的＂联锁社群＂理论在解释两岸民间交流时仍存在诸多缺陷,特别是对＂关系＂本身的忽视;而＂关系网＂恰恰是两岸民间交流的主要媒介,是＂两岸社会＂的基本组织模式。其中,强关系传递了情感、信任和影响力,弱关系传递了信息。社会网络比身份认同对两岸民间行动者具有更大的影响力。     

国家的视角与被贬低的社区:村改居社区治理的新问题

村改居社区研究倾向于认为,村改居社区是一种必将转变为所谓城市社区的过渡型社区。这种对“过渡性”的强调实则基于农村与城市、传统和现代、落后和进步等一系列二元论和线性进化论思维,将村改居社区视为从乡村转型为城市的暂时状态,倾向于贬低乡村传统生活方式及其文化,进而关注如何促成从村民到城市市民生活方式和文化的转变。在具体社区管理和建设中,简单化视角进一步使得社区管理者缺乏对居民日常生活复杂性的认识和同情,忽视地方性文化与集体记忆的重要价值。村改居社区的治理应该超越“乡村-城市”的二元论和进化论,基于结构两重性视角思考如何使传统文化与社会资本成为促进社区转型的可动员资源,而非结构性约束,进而尝试培育具有地方性的新型城市社区文化。     

城中村社区建设的路径选择

城中村社区是我国城市化进程中的产物,建设好城中村社区是提高我国城市化水平、促进社会和谐发展的客观要求。当前,在城中村社区建设中存在体制冲突、模式冲突、利益冲突、文化冲突等各种冲突,应坚持系统化原则、适合国情民情原则及借鉴创新原则积极建设城中村社区,以户籍管理制度改革为突破口实现体制一元化;积极建构政府指导下的社区自治模式;改革集体经济产权和发展社区经济,破解利益冲突;促进城中村社区文化融合。