恢复性司法理念对我国城市社区犯罪防控的启示

随着我国城市化进程的推进,大量人口涌入城市造成了城市资源紧张,各种矛盾突出,犯罪发生率居高不下,而传统的单纯依靠国家警察力量打击犯罪的一元化城市犯罪防控模式面对新的犯罪形势已捉襟现肘,也不能满足被犯罪侵害破坏的社会秩序恢复的基本要求。对此,文章在引入介绍国外恢复性司法理念的基础之上,发现恢复性司法理念对于我国城市犯罪防控的启示,进而提出构建基于社区的城市犯罪防控的若干具体设想。     

统一战线服务社会建设的模式探析

改革开放之后,随着大量新社会组织和经济组织的出现、城市居民结构的多样化和新社会阶层的出现,统一战线工作的领域和对象都发生了巨大变化。在新的历史发展阶段,统一战线服务社会建设是一个巨大新型工作空间,需要在以往工作平台的基础上,积极研究社会领域变化,实现模式创新,延伸工作手臂,推进项目化运作机制,实现与枢纽型社会组织的共建发展,构建更为广大的统一战线工作大格局。     

助人过程的初步分析——基于“成长向导计划”的实践研究

中国内地推行的＂成长向导计划＂是个独特的尝试,由在校大学生为打工子弟学校的初中生提供近一年的＂一对一＂服务。双方的关系发展有四种类型：平稳推进型、先抑后扬型、始终平淡型、意外中断型。助人过程中有三个要点：向导被受导者及其家庭接纳;进入受导者的生活世界;向导寻找到行动的意义。最终参与计划的双方都获得了成长,但有些问题处理不当也会存在负面影响。在以后的项目运作中,需要引起注意。     

司法输送正义的可能性批判——以林达尔均衡理论为工具

司法作为政府部门面向公众提供消费的准公共物品,存在着供需关系.依据林达尔均衡理论,程序正义要求下的有限边际供给,判断依据偏差,外部性环境均影响均衡点E点的出现.为此,有针对性地进行制度建设和理性司法,扩大立法过程的民众参与度、司法过程的民主性,尊重当事人选择判断纠纷依据的自主权,并为人民提供多元的纠纷解决方案是实现司法“让人民满意”的理性举措.     

Everyday Construction of Identity in the Estonian Refugee Community in Sweden

Social constructionist approaches underscore that identity is constantly negotiated. It emerges as values and attitudes are promoted and confronted in everyday actions, behavioral patterns and fleeting comments by participants in social events. This article analyzes membership categorization and pragmatic code-switching in the Swedish Estonian refugee community, demonstrating the fragile balance between ‘Estonian’ and ‘Swedish’. The speakers orient to Estonian Estonian as the target variety of language, while frequently using Swedish for sense-making. The analysis is based on audio and video recordings of Swedish Estonian club activities and research interviews.     

The Effects of Juvenile Transfer to Criminal Court on Incarceration Decisions

The present study examined the effects of institutional pressures on homeland security preparedness among law enforcement agencies in Illinois. The data come from the Illinois Homeland Security Survey (IHSS). Specifically, the study employed three theories to explain homeland security preparedness: contingency theory, resource dependence theory, and institutional theory. We hypothesized that institutional pressures will lead to isomorphism as agencies attempt to conform to institutional expectations about appropriate activities in a homeland security era. To evaluate these theories and their impact on homeland security practices, the authors used confirmatory factor analysis. The IHSS data lend strong support to the application of organizational theory as a lens through which homeland security preparedness can be understood. Institutional pressures, such as professional and government publications, training, professional associations, and the actions of peer agencies, significantly influenced municipal and county agencies in Illinois. Funding, while often thought important to encourage preparedness, was not a significant predictor. The results of this analysis advance our understanding of homeland security preparedness via institutional theory by suggesting that the larger environment is salient.     

Juvenile Court Context and Detention Decisions: Reconsidering the Role of Race,Ethnicity, and Community Characteristics in Juvenile Court Processes

The relationship between race/ethnicity, community dynamics, and juvenile court processes has long been established. Prior research has relied on city‐ or county‐level measures of community characteristics (e.g., racial composition, poverty) to examine how racial groups are processed within juvenile courts. To date, no study has utilized finer scale measures of geographic areas to examine how characteristics of juveniles’ communities impact court decisions. By utilizing official juvenile court data from a city in the southwest, this study draws upon attribution theory to examine how economic and crime community‐level measures directly and indirectly influence detention outcomes. Findings reveal that the effect of race and ethnicity in detention outcomes varies across communities, and the effect of ethnicity in detention decisions is mediated by economic community‐level measures. The theoretical and policy implications of the study findings are discussed.     

Correcting Community Service: From Work Crews to Community Work in a Juvenile Court

In 2001, the Clark County Juvenile Court in Washington State implemented the use of “restorative community service” (RCS) as part of its larger adoption of a restorative justice framework. This paper explores the court’s implementation and use of RCS, including: (1) the types of institutional changes made by the court in its development of RCS, (2) the types and qualities of social interactions observed by the researcher through participant observation at several RCS sites, (3) the practical implications of these findings for proponents of restorative justice in the use of community service in youth settings, and (4) the theoretical implications of these findings for sociological and criminological research on community service.     

Community In‐Reach Through Jail Reentry: Findings from a Quasi‐Experimental Design

Offenders face a number of significant challenges upon reentry into the community, including securing employment, locating housing, and accessing adequate substance abuse and mental health treatment. These and related issues, if neglected, only bolster rising recidivism rates which have prompted renewed interest in rehabilitation initiatives such as inmate reentry. Many jurisdictions have implemented programs designed to improve offenders' success after prison, but jail reentry programs are far less common. This study examined the effectiveness of one such program, the Auglaize County (OH) Transition (ACT) Program. Using a quasiexperimental design, recidivism was measured a year after release to determine if participation in the ACT Program was predictive of successful reentry. Findings suggest that program participation is strongly related to outcome success as was criminal history. Implications for correctional policy and suggestions for additional jail reentry research are considered.     

韩国社会服务令对我国社区矫正制度的启示

我国借鉴西方经验对监外执行制度改革,在新修订的刑法、刑诉法中分别首次确认了社区矫正刑罚制度及其运行机制。韩国刑罚制度中已将社会服务令引入法制体系十几年,目前已发展为一种综合性惩治犯罪的选择性措施广泛的适用。对韩国社区服务令进行深入研究,对推动我国社区矫正刑罚制度的进一步完善具有重要的理论与实践意义。