Hope Springs Eternal: An Exploration of Hope at a Local Jail

Prevention and intervention research has indicated the malleability of hope in a variety of populations and the positive impact on treatment outcomes in general clinical settings and substance use treatment. However, despite its prospective role in improving well-being, research on hope is not often situated behind bars. Thus, the current project intended to explore the nature of theory-driven hope discussions for women involved in justice systems. The aim was to maintain and enhance hope, activate positivity, and thereby enhance the quality of life.

Four weekly focus group sessions were conducted with women detained at a local jail (n?=?23), with discussion prompts based on Snyder’s theory of hope (goal setting, agency thinking, and pathway thinking). Using interactional delivery methods, we emphasized hope among jailed women by: (1) facilitating the development and maintenance of hopeful thinking; (2) developing concrete goals towards rehabilitation and a positive life; (3) enhancing the capacity for developing enduring, cross-sectional strategies for goal attainment; and (4) facilitating self-analysis on their overall ability to produce workable plans required to reach the goals. Weekly journaling was also included to complement the process.

Results from the qualitative analysis suggest hope for these jailed women was constructed as belief in a better future and was also often embedded within a religious worldview. Further, jailed women’s perceptions of meeting goals were heavily dependent upon outside sources that would provide structure and discipline. Implications include providing strength-based reentry programs, offering mentorship, emphasizing goal-setting strategies, and reviewing visitation policies.     

MMPI profiles of males accused of severe crimes: a cluster analysis

Abstract

In studies attempting to classify criminal offenders by cluster analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) data, the number of clusters found varied between 10 (the Megargee System) and two (one cluster indicating no psychopathology and one exhibiting serious psychopathology). The latter results raise doubts about the suitability of the MMPI-2 for classification in forensic settings. The present study aimed at deriving an empirical classification system using cluster analysis of 247 MMPI-2 profiles of pretrial criminal defendants in a forensic psychiatric observation clinic. Results indicated only a ‘non-disturbed’ and a ‘disturbed’ profile, differing on general elevation of MMPI-2 profiles but displaying no qualitatively distinct profiles. The clusters differed on age at admission and first conviction, indicating a late onset of criminal activity for disturbed offenders. Also, the clusters differed significantly on Axis I diagnosis and borderline significantly on Axis II diagnosis. The absence of distinct personality profiles between the clusters suggests restricted usefulness of the MMPI-2 in a forensic context of diverse and severe psychopathology and serious crimes. Either the investigated population is in fact extremely homogeneous, truly comprising only two kinds of offenders, or the types of offenders in these populations are not effectively distinguished by the MMPI-2.     

议程设置理论在高校思想政治教育中的应用

议程设置理论是提升高校思想政治教育导向性和实效性的重要途径之一。目前,议程设置理论在应用于高校思想政治教育过程中存在议题内容远离受众需求、传播方式单一、"把关人"素养缺失等问题,因此,高校一要结合社会实际,坚持正确的舆论导向;二要关注受众需求,贴近大学生社会生活;三要提高思想政治教育者媒介素养,更好地发挥议程设置理论在实践中的作用。     

提高干部教育培训质量的有效路径

着力提高干部教育培训质量是践行科学发展观、巩固党的执政地位的内在要求。当前,干部教育培训工作在培训方式、培训实效性、师资力量、课程设置等方面还存在一些问题,为此,相关部门一要采取多主体、多层次、滚动式参与的形式进行教育培训,力争实现培训的全覆盖;二要完善干部教育培训考核体系,切实提高培训的实效性;三要加强师资队伍建设,进一步提升培训质量;四要科学设置培训课程,最大限度满足受训主体的培训需求。     

公安院校研究生教育课程设置之思考

研究生课程设置是研究生培养过程中的一个重要环节,目前公安院校研究生教育课程设置中存在诸多问题,要想解决这些问题,在课程设置过程中就必须坚持实事求是、以人为本、系统整合、理论联系实际和开放与创新的原则。     

论提高劳动法学科地位的必要性和基本思路

劳动法学有其独立的调整对象和独立的法律部门地位.劳动法对劳动关系的调整在我国现阶段具有非常重要的意义,而我国劳动法律体系的建立和实施也亟需提升劳动法学研究和教育水平.现行劳动法学的学科设置难以满足社会对劳动法学研究和人才教育的需求,因此需要适时提高和调整劳动法的学科地位和学科设置.     

理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗急性期肩关节周围炎疗效观察

目的 观察理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗急性期肩关节周围炎的临床疗效。方法 选择60例急性期肩关节周围炎患者，随机分为手法组和对照组，每组30例。手法组给予理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗，对照组给予超短波疗法结合肌内效贴治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分、压痛阈值、肩关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、肩关节功能Constant Murley评分(Constant Murley score,CMS)、表面肌电积分肌电图（integral electromyogram，iEMG）值。结果 手法组疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）；两组治疗后VAS评分均显著降低，且手法组降低程度大于对照组（P<0.05）；两组治疗后压痛阈值、CMS、肩关节ROM、iEMG值均显著升高(P<0.05)，且手法组升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗可缓解急性期肩关节周围炎患者的疼痛，改善肩关节功能。     

纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定治疗上肢关节周围骨折

目的 观察纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定治疗肩、肘、腕关节周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对1976-2010年2 800例肩、肘、腕关节周围骨折患者,采用传统中医手法整复,纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定,功能锻炼的方法治疗.采用国家中医药管理局制定的<中医病证诊断疗效标准>来评价疗效.结果 肱骨外科颈骨折组、肱...