浙江永康行政执法检察备案机制评析

浙江永康行政执法资料移送检察机关备案机制,一方面发挥了十分积极的作用,能够有效预防职务犯罪,有利于更好地进行职务犯罪的侦查起诉工作,有利于更好地开展刑事立案监督工作等;另一方面,该机制在法律上由于缺乏明确依据,在理论支撑和制度保障等方面尚需进一步探讨.     

新《律师法》与律师阅卷制度之完善

新《律师法》扩大了律师的阅卷范围,明确了阅卷权是律师所享有的一项法定权利。在审查起诉阶段保障律师阅卷权具有重大意义。两大法系国家在保障辩方审前程序知情权方面采取了不同的措施,其目的是为了保障辩方及时、全面地掌握案件信息,与控方展开平等对抗或者在审判阶段进行有效辩护。我国应借鉴其中合理的规定和做法,在律师阅卷的时间、地点、范围等方面进行完善。     

我国刑事自诉制度的完善

我国刑事自诉制度存在着诸多难以厘清头绪的问题,立法目的并未明显实现。究其原因,主要是许多法律价值和理念之间存在难以统一的关系,有关方面在进行制度设计时却不愿对难以统一的法律价值和理念进行取舍,以致一方面把大量没有相应情由的案件设定为自诉案件并允许调解、和解和反诉,而另一方面又通过设立极高的证据要求来限制在事实上可以成为自诉案件的案件。只有不再把"有证据证明的轻微刑事案件"作为自诉案件,该制度存在的问题才可能得到彻底解决,因此应对自诉案件的适用范围进行减缩,使之仅有"告诉才处理"和"公诉转自诉"的案件,同时再降低自诉案件立案和开庭审理的证据条件或要求。     

One Strike to Second Chances: Using Criminal Backgrounds in Admission Decisions for Assisted Housing

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has changed its position toward housing individuals with criminal records from strict one-strike policies in the 1980s to providing second chances to returning citizens. Many public housing authorities have not updated their admission policies for using criminal backgrounds and still adhere to the one-strike philosophy. In response to new guidance from HUD, housing agencies are trying to find a balance between screening practices to identify demonstrable risk but avoid discrimination and violation of the Fair Housing Act. This research examines several questions critical to assisting housing providers to address the new guidance from HUD. Findings provide direction for housing providers on understanding recidivism risk rates, using useful lookback periods, considering risk and harm across crime types, and verifying rehabilitation and other evidence to design informed policies and procedures for using criminal records in admission decisions for assisted housing.     

论检察告诉对告诉才处理案件的救济--法理与制度的双重分析

关于告诉才处理案件中的检察告诉制度 ,学界对其虽有论及 ,但真正深入探讨的不多。因而理论上的模糊导致司法实践在此方面操作上的困惑 ,影响了对该制度的有效实施。笔者在对相关制度及立法意图进行全面分析的基础上 ,提出了检察告诉仅仅是一种国家帮助告诉并不能改变告诉才处理案件的性质的观点 ,同时阐述了国家帮助告诉应当遵循的原则 ,并在此基础上提出了对该制度的一些修改意见。     

探究信访行为制度化的合理性——兼论对依法行政的影响

在每一个信访高峰年,有不少问题获得了圆满解决,但从法律的角度看,这对于各级政府依法行政的实现并不是有力的推动,相反,则表明了政府行政过程中仍存在大量的问题亟待解决.信访的出现,进而成为一种政治制度,其对于依法行政的影响将在本文进行探讨.     

人民信访制度的现代重构

人民信访是具有中国特色的民愿表达和纠纷解决机制,它在当前面临着法律上和现实上的困境,需要积极进行重新设计和调整.建立人大主导之下的一元信访体制,是比较合理和可行的选择.在健全国家层面信访监督的同时,还要注意调动和发挥其他相关制度的积极作用.     

“[It's] what you do after the mistake that counts”: Positive employment credentials,criminal record stigma,and potential pathways of mediation

The findings from prior research indicate that positive credentials, or documentation of prosocial accomplishments, can vary in strength and perceived value in mitigating aversions to hiring individuals with criminal records. In the current study, we examine why certain types of positive credentials may be more influential in reducing stigma than others. Using data from a nationwide survey of American adults (N = 3,476), we combine a mediation analysis with content-coding of open-ended responses to identify key themes and patterns in decision processes. The results indicate the factors examined here—employee dependability, trustworthiness, recidivism risk, and workplace crime—explain a large proportion of the total effect across credentials and are the strongest for reference letters. Trustworthiness is the most influential mediator across credentials, whereas general recidivism risk is consistently the lowest. An analysis of open-ended responses provides further context and insight into these patterns. Although policy strategies often target risk reduction on the employer's end, credentials that also relay information about skills, character, and the timeline of recent life events are especially influential.     

Trust in digital records: An increasingly cloudy legal area

Trust has been defined in many ways, but at its core it involves acting without the knowledge needed to act. Trust in records depends on four types of knowledge about the creator or custodian of the records: reputation, past performance, competence, and the assurance of confidence in future performance. For over half a century society has been developing and adopting new computer technologies for business and communications in both the public and private realm. Frameworks for establishing trust have developed as technology has progressed. Today, individuals and organizations are increasingly saving and accessing records in cloud computing infrastructures, where we cannot assess our trust in records solely on the four types of knowledge used in the past. Drawing on research conducted at the University of British Columbia into the nature of digital records and their trustworthiness, this article presents the conceptual archival and digital forensic frameworks of trust in records and data, and explores the common law legal framework within which questions of trust in documentary evidence are being tested. Issues and challenges specific to cloud computing are introduced.     

Antemortem records of forensic significance among edentulous individuals

The identification of edentulous individuals is problematic due to poor provision of labelled dental prostheses. Dental records may still provide useful information for odontologists in the comparative identification process. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of forensically significant information contained within the dental records of a population of denture wearers attending the University of Manchester School of Dentistry. Two hundred and two dental records were examined and a proforma completed. The mean age of the patients was 72 years. Medical history were absent in 4% of all records and only 67.8% of the written records were rated as good. Thirty-two percent of the records contained one or more panoramic radiographs but 30% of these were over 3 years old rendering their usefulness in identification procedures questionable. In total only 18% of the examined records contained antemortem information that would enable identification. These data suggest that the process of denture marking is an essential in order to ensure that the identification of this population can be undertaken expediently by dental means.