论合同自由原则及其限制

自由是人类的永恒追求,合同自由是合同法的灵魂,自由原则亦是我国合同法的核心原则,贯穿整个合同法的始终。但是,自由并非是绝对的,无限制的自由是对权利的滥用,不利于权利的有效行使和各方主体价值利益的平衡,因此我国合同法又对自由原则进行了诸多合理的限制,如强制缔约、标准合同、附随义务、诚实信用、公序良俗等。     

农民工城居子女义务教育问题研究

20世纪90年代以来,农民工城居子女的义务教育问题日益引起人们的关注。农民工城居子女在义务教育阶段存在的问题折射的是体制性问题,与我国的户籍管理、财政制度、税收政策、社会保障、公民权利等一系列问题密切相关。保障农民工城居子女接受义务教育的权利,亟需中央和各级政府更有效地对此承担起责任,为农民工城居子女的义务教育提供制度保障和政策支持。     

论建筑物抛掷物、坠落物致害道义补偿责任——兼论建筑物抛掷物、坠落物强制责任保险制度的建立

《侵权责任法》第87条规定的建筑物抛掷物、坠落物致害补偿责任的性质不是侵权责任,也不是公平责任,而是道义补偿责任。该道义补偿责任的适用范围,受到“建筑物”、“抛掷物”或者“坠落物”和“难以确定”三个方面的限制。其责任限制又主要通过抗辩举证、数额确定及责任分担来实现。另外,建议将该道义补偿责任纳入强制责任保险的范畴,并由法定责任主体通过物业费代为征收的方式予以缴纳。     

Make and Buy—An Alternative to Make or Buy? An Investigation of Four Theoretical Explanations in Danish Municipalities

The question of whether public organizations should provide services themselves or buy them from external suppliers has become increasingly relevant due to public-sector modernization. The literature has focused on it as a question of either make or buy. Contrarily, we focus on the reasons for public organizations to simultaneously produce and contract out similar services. The article investigates different theoretical explanations for concurrent make and buy. A survey of Danish municipalities shows that make and buy seems to be a steady choice. However, the results show little support for the theoretical explanations indicating the need for more public-oriented explanations.     

EDITORIAL

Abstract

Jane Addams (1860-1935), founder of Hull House in Chicago, was a social worker, sociologist, criminologist, feminist, and pacifist. She dedicated her life to caring for the underprivileged and oppressed and to fighting for the rights of workers, women, and children. This paper examines her life and seeks to demonstrate her many contributions to sociology, criminology, and society. Among her pioneer works in criminology that have not been recognized are the ecological maps of Chicago that preceded Park's and Burgess' concentric zone theory, social justice issues such as child labor, compulsory education, and juvenile offenders. She also was a peace activist during World War I and many of her ideas and concepts are found in the peacemaking writings of current criminologists.     

试论卫生行政强制措施及文书使用

摘要随着2012年12月1日新《卫生行政执法文书规范》的实施,卫生行政强制措施的实施有了规范的执法文书。为了全面了解卫生行政强制措施,笔者依据《中华人民共和国行政强制法》,系统梳理了卫生行政强制措施,将卫生行政强制措施分为两类,分别适用《行政强制法》第三条第一款、第二款,并探讨了两类强制措施的文书使用。     

Compulsory voting and ethnic diversity increase invalid voting while corruption does not: an analysis of 417 parliamentary elections in 73 countries

Invalid voting, meaning blank and spoiled ballots, is a regular phenomenon in democracies around the world. When its share is larger than the margin of victory or greater than the vote share of some of the large parties in the country, invalid voting becomes a problem for democratic legitimacy. This article investigates its determinants in 417 democratic parliamentary elections in 73 countries on five continents from 1970 to 2011. The analysis shows that enforced compulsory voting and ethnic fragmentation are strong predictors for invalid voting while corruption has less impact. Our findings suggest that the societal structure is crucial in understanding invalid voting as a problem for democratic legitimacy because greater social diversity seems to lead to either a greater rate of mistakes or lesser attachments of social groups to the democratic process. Thus, rising levels of invalid voting are not only concerning in themselves but also for the divisive factors driving them.     

合理构建特殊病犯强制医疗的路径简

修改后的《刑法》、《刑诉法》等法律规定,对监狱在押患有精神疾病丧失服刑能力和患有恶性传染病的罪犯均可以采取强制医疗,但规定过于原则,监狱在具体的执法过程中,面对如何申请、执行和解除强制医疗等问题时,深感困惑.为此,从建立特殊病犯强制医疗程序,并从特殊病犯的强制医疗申请程序、裁决条件、案件管辖、执行期限、终止程序等五个方面,深入研究特殊病犯的强制医疗问题.     

TRIPS agreement and public health crisis in developing countries： Problems and solutions

While the health crisis in developing world has caused innumerable deaths, the balance between patent protection and public health attracts lots of debates globally. This paper examines the legal background for the access problems of essential drugs in developing countries, evaluates TRIPS agreement and the WTO decisions in theory, argues both patent protection for pharmaceuticals and TRIPS agreement are the genuine causes for the access problem, then attempts to provide some suggestions and evaluations for the possible solutions. Though the development of national pharmaceutical industries, adoption of early working exemptions, compulsory license, parallel import, acquirements of generic drugs and discount drugs, amendments of TRIPS agreement are all beneficial measures, the access problem may only be solved at an international level.     

警察行政强制措施之概念探析

警察行政强制措施是公安机关维护治安、保障相对人合法权益的重要手段。当前复杂严峻的治安形势更凸显了警察行政强制措施的重要价值。然而,由于对警察行政强制措施的概念范畴等基本理论的模糊认识,导致执法实践中的诸多困惑,文章从其本质特性、种类范畴、外部边界等几个方面来厘清警察行政强制措施的基本概念。