Medical Practice in Early Colonial Spanish America: A Prospectus

This paper outlines the current state of research on medical practice in early colonial Spanish America. It argues that medical practice in Spain was more diverse than generally supposed, and that this complicated the exchange that occurred between Native American, African and European medical traditions in the Americas. Control of medical practice in Spanish America was exercised not through the establishment of state institutions, but through the close working of the state and the Church that on the one hand promoted medical care as a charitable activity and on the other sought to suppress practices that were incompatible with Catholic beliefs. However, due to the shortage of trained medical practitioners, the authorities were relatively tolerant of alternative medical practices and this enabled a process of exchange and fusion. The paper illustrates these processes with respect to medical practice in Cartagena de Indias in the early seventeenth century. It concludes with suggestions of avenues for future research.     

我国农村医疗保障立法中的政府职能定位

政府介入农村社会保障领域是为克服市场机制下城乡收入分配缺陷以体现公平,降低成本以提高效率及体现农村医疗社会保障的公共性。目前我国中央政府对农村医疗保障政策的投入不足,导致不公平加剧,中央政府各职能部门对政策的执行缺乏有效支持,县乡两级地方政府对推动农村医疗保障制度建立的作用甚微。政府对农村医疗社会保障的职能是为农村医疗保障制度提供完备的法律框架;提供财政支持;合理布局卫生资源,切实减低医疗费用;加强公共卫生保健工作,完善公共卫生保健体系;建立医疗救助制度,加强卫生扶贫工作;强化政府机构的管理职能。     

建立农村大病统筹医疗保险模式的可行性分析

我国农村的大部分地区经济发展水平较低,农民对医疗保险的缴费能力较低,且难以负担高昂的住院费用。实行大病统筹医疗保险模式,比较适合目前农村的经济发展现状。     

论小区停车法律责任的认定

由于对小区停车法律关系性质的理解存在巨大差异,无论理论界或实务界对小区停车法律责任的认定始终没有形成统一的意见。文章通过对小区停车法律关系性质的分析,以小区停车场的不同权属为切入点对小区停车法律责任的认定分三个方面进行讨论。     

平衡之功 医疗之效——医疗纠纷中精神损害赔偿功能之实证分析

随着人们对自身权利的日益关注,精神损害赔偿在医疗纠纷中也逐渐成为一个热点问题。并且,由于医疗行为本身的特殊性使医疗纠纷成为一种特殊的民事纠纷,其精神损害赔偿问题具有特殊性。本丈试图通过对在成都市武侯区人民法院调研时获取的有关精神损害赔偿案件材料进行具体分析,以个人利益、社会利益和公共利益三者的关系为视角,探讨在现行法律规定的框架下解决医疗纠纷的精神损害赔偿中,如何能既考虑医疗行为的特殊性,又维护患方的合法权益,在两者之间达成一种平衡。既保障医疗卫生事业的顺利发展,又使患方的精神损害得以“医疗”。     

Distributive justice and willingness to pay for municipality child care

With the aim of investigating factors affecting willingness to pay for municipality child care, a survey was undertaken in Sweden of 1840 parents living in five municipalities of different sizes. On the basis of the greed-efficiency-fairness hypothesis (Wilke, 1991) which is supported by results from experimental social dilemma research, it was hypothesized that perceived fairness of how the quality of child care is distributed (equal, proportional to need, or proportional to payment) as well as of method of payment (collectively by taxes or proportional to use by fees) would be important determinants of willingness to pay. Results showed that perceived fairness of how quality of child care is distributed played some role but that other factors had stronger effects. Perhaps also reflecting fairness considerations, willingness to pay by fees was on average higher than willingness to pay by taxes. Predicted from previous research, willingness to pay by taxes was furthermore found to increase with income and degree of use. However, willingness to pay by taxes showed an increase rather than the predicted decrease with municipality size.     

医疗服务合同的问题分析及对策

以合同的方式处理医疗纠纷存在不少理论障碍 ,本文从医疗服务的特殊性入手 ,分析了现行合同法难以规制医疗服务行为的原因 ,提出了建立和公示诊疗规范制度、设立基本救治基金、完善多层次的医疗保险制度 ,从而明确医、患双方的权利、义务 ,以实现合同法对医疗行为的规范。     

关于对现行犯适用先行拘留的思考

现行犯是指正在预备犯罪、实行犯罪或者犯罪后即时被发觉的人。刑事诉讼法规定对现行犯可以适用先行拘留。对刑诉法所规定的"先行拘留",理论和实践中众说纷纭,诸如立案前拘留、逮捕前拘留、无证拘留和有证拘留等等。这些观点均有违立法精神,造成了司法实践中对拘留的适用无所适从。先行拘留和拘留是有区别的,对现行犯可以先行拘留,应当理解为"先抓获后拘留"。     

中德强制措施比较研究

德国刑事强制措施立足于公民宪法权利之保护 ,遵循令状原则和司法审查原则 ,形成了一个有层次的完善的强制措施体系。这些对中国强制措施之修改和完善具有极为重要的借鉴意义。     

我国刑事强制措施之修缮

本文介绍了我国刑事强制措施的概况 ,分析了现行刑事强制措施的缺陷 ,并提出了完善强制措施若干问题的立法构想。