Assessment of public attitudes towards sex offenders in an Australian population

Public attitudes towards sex offenders are believed to play a key role in the development of legislation and public policy designed to manage the risks posed by known sex offenders who live in the community. There have, however, been few previous attempts to validate methods by which public attitudes can be measured. The current study aims to address this issue by establishing the factor structure of the Community Attitudes Towards Sex Offenders (CATSO) scale with an Australian community sample and examine the extent to which demographic variables and support for sex offender management policies influence these attitudes. A sample of 552 participants recruited through online social media sites completed the CATSO as well as a number of items developed by the researchers designed to assess individuals' support for specific sex offender policies. Results of an exploratory factor analysis suggested the presence of four distinct factors which were labelled ‘social tendencies’, ‘treatment and punishment’, ‘crime characteristics’ and ‘sexual behaviour’. Individuals with higher levels of educational attainment rated sex offenders less negatively than those with lower educational attainment, while those who reported being supportive of community notification reported more negative attitudes towards sex offenders.     

The sex offender next door: deconstructing the United States' obsession with sex offender registries in an age of neoliberalism

In the 1990s, against the backdrop of an ascending Age of Neoliberalism, sex offender registration statutes were passed in the United States. These laws require law enforcement officials to utilize computer technologies in order to publicly identify individuals who have been convicted of sexual offenses. In this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with twenty-four respondents who were forced to register as sex offenders. All of these participants resided within Southeast Texas, which is arguably one of the most punitive regions within the United States. The vast majority of the sample reported moderate to severe forms of harassment as a result of being outed as sex offenders via computer technologies. We conclude that in the post-Keynesian United States, the Web-based monitoring of sex offenders will continue to remain a popular American pastime and may even expand to other industrialized democracies throughout the world.     

强制侦查的法律控制与司法审查

为了把强制侦查控制在合理的必要限度以内,法治国家普遍要求强制侦查必须贯彻比例原则、法定原则和司法审查原则,但我国的强制侦查在这几个方面都存在不同程度的问题;解决这些问题的基本思路应当是“以法限权”、“以权制权”和“公平救济”。其中,建立对强制侦查的司法审查制度,不仅仅是解决我国强制侦查实际存在的问题的重要对策,更是基于调整侦查权与审判权之间的相互关系、建立健全宪法权利的程序保障机制的战略需要;在合法性审查的范围内,建立强制侦查司法审查制度也是可行的。在具体设计强制侦查的司法审查制度时,既要体现刑事司法国际准则的基本要求,又要从我国实际情况出发,在司法审查的范围、内容、方式以及违法救济等方面做出适当的规定。     

论我国船舶所有权登记的属性

本文针对我国目前对船舶所有权登记的行政管理属性的认识 ,提出船舶所有权登记应包括实体和程序两方面 ,均具有私法性 ,而船舶所有权登记在不同的物权变动立法模式下具有不同的制度配置。论文在分析《海商法》和《船舶登记条例》现存问题的基础上 ,提出了相应修改建议     

中间省略登记请求权探析

本文在比较分析日、德等国不同立法模式下关于中间省略登记请求权的规定和学说的基础上 ,结合中国立法与实践 ,认为中间省略登记有利于保障交易便捷 ,符合市场经济发展的需要 ,我国立法应予采纳。文章还探讨了中间省略登记特约的有效性、中间省略登记的效力与登记请求权的关系及登记申请手续的完善等问题。     

从程序视角论我国的船舶物权登记

船舶物权登记为船舶登记的一部分,分为实体和程序上的船舶物权登记。本文在分析两者关系和我国目前船舶登记程序存在问题的基础上,指出船舶物权登记的程序建制受制于实体法上船舶物权变动的立法模式,应当设置与《海商法》船舶物权变动立法模式相匹配的船舶物权登记程序以及对《船舶登记条例》作出相应的修改。     

卫生行政强制执行模式若干问题探析

卫生行政强制执行是国家卫生行政管理活动中一项重要制度,它对于保障卫生执法权有效运作,保障人民群众的健康利益和生命安全具有十分重要的意义。在卫生强制执行制度运行中,发现还存在着卫生行政强制执行前告诫不到位、程序显失公平、效率不高等许多需要完善的方面,对推行卫生强制执行前告诫制度、合理划分卫生行政强制执行权的行使、通过公布违法事实促使相对人自觉履行处罚等,通过制度模式因素影响卫生强制执行的发展进行初步探讨,以促进卫生行政强制执行更好的成为卫生行政执法的有力武器。     

企业登记之对抗效力探讨

企业登记制度存在的合理性、登记主体权利义务平衡性及商事交易中效益和营利的价值追求构成了企业登记效力之一——对抗力产生的必要性和必然性,对抗力即企业登记事项一经登记公告,即推定社会公众知悉,企业因此而获得免责效力。对抗力的赋予,在于通过向社会宣示企业的权利或状态从而排斥其他权利和防御侵害,保护登记主体的合法权利。我国相关立法对对抗力虽有提及,但相当简陋,应进一步明确、细化。     

比较法视野下的盘查措施

盘查属于行政强制措施,并同时适用于刑事侦查领域。世界各国均对盘查设立了实体要件和程序要件,并针对不同种类的盘查措施给予不同的限制。我国的盘查措施的种类单一,立法未能设立启动盘查措施所需的要件,未能区分盘查措施与刑事强制措施的界限,此外,出租屋成为盘查的重点场所,相关的司法救济制度阙如,这些都是我国盘查措施适用中突出的问题。建立科学的盘查措施体系,严格确定盘查措施的界限,逐步取消对出租屋的盘查制度,完善司法救济制度是解决问题的根本途径。     

论未办理登记手续商品房买卖合同的效力

不动产物权的外在公示方式是登记,在我国立法和司法实践中,常把登记作为房屋买卖合同的有效要件,混淆了合同的效力与合同的履行。在物权变动方面,采取登记对抗主义,更符合我国的立法与社会实际。