The Right to Gender Recognition before the Colombian Constitutional Court: A Queer and Travesti Theory Analysis

This article discusses the case-law on gender recognition of the Colombian Constitutional Court. It argues that the Court, paying attention to queer and trans theory and to the demands of trans activists, has interpreted mainstream constitutional rights in such a way that trans people can have their self-defined identities recognised. The article criticises the limitations of this case-law, which still does not explicitly include non-binary and gender fluid people. On the other hand, it highlights that the Court's doctrine has the potential to challenge both the gender binary and the very category of ‘sex’ or ‘gender’ in the law.     

新民主主义宪政立法的有益尝试——1946年《哈尔滨市施政纲领》考察

1946年《哈尔滨市施政纲领》是中国共产党在新民主主义革命阶段为建立国家政权积累经验,在中心大城市实行民主政治、建设管理政权的初次尝试,是对毛泽东提出的新民主主义理论的最早实践。该纲领中提出的“建立民主的、法治的社会秩序”及“建设和平、民主、独立、繁荣的新哈尔滨”的构想,对其后相继建立的各解放区的宪政立法及《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》产生了直接影响,是新中国宪政立法的重要渊源。     

论法律原则在司法审判中的适用--兼从法律推理的逻辑形式角度

在司法审判过程中 ,明文规定在法律文本中的法律原则在个案审判中具有可诉性。第一 ,法律文本中的法律原则规定对整个法律体系具有的统帅作用也应该体现在个案审判时对具体规则适用的检验上。第二 ,法律原则能更好体现法律的精神从而弥补具体条款的不足。第三 ,明文规定在法律文本中的法律原则不是法律文本中多余的内容 ,仅规定在条文上而不适用在案件中无异于使法律原则的规定成为虚设。第四 ,在个案中 ,法律原则具体化为特定的法律规范后 ,具有明确的内容 ,操作性问题并不成为其适用的阻碍     

税收之宪政语境

税收作为国家存在及其运行的主要物质基础,在国家财政收入中所占的比重之大,使我们在面对税收之相关问题时,不得不将之置之于宪政的语境中才能更好地理解与解读。宪政语境中税收概念的厘清和界定,为更好地探讨税收国家中依法治税、完善民主机制等问题提供了基本前提和理论基础。     

宪政视野下公安行政执法工作亟待澄清的若干问题研究

在宪政视野关注下,公安机关在考虑严格执法,保障法律秩序的同时,更应树立以人为本的理念,始终把公民权利的保障放在根本位置上考虑。严格执法的终极目的就是保障宪法赋予每一个公民的基本权利不受非法侵害。以以上理念作为标准考察,当前公安机关的执法工作中表现出很多的不适应,许多问题亟待澄清。从实体上讲,提高执法质量的关键是增强基层实战民警的证据合法性意识,而不是证据意识。从程序上讲,规范执法行为的前提是树立正确的程序规范化意识,而不是程序意识。最大限度地保证公民权利不受侵犯,首要的是加强事前监督,而不是事后救济。当前公安法制工作的着重点应当是大力加强内部执法监督的法制化建设和建立主动接受监督机制,而不是制定大量的操作性执法规范和被动地接受外部监督。     

Imagining the law and the constitution of societal order in Los Angeles Police Chief William Parker＇s 1965 ＂Crime and the Great Society＂ address

Legal scholar James Boyd White has challenged both lawyers and rhetoricians to imagine the law as an enterprise of language. In contending that members of the legal profession should see law as an activity of speech and imagination occurring in a social world, he has urged lawyers to view the legal profession as an interaction of authoritative texts and as a process of legal thought and argument instead of thinking of law as a technical system of regulations and applying its rules in a mechanical way. By asking members of the legal professional to consider law as rhetoric, White has encouraged them to recognize the socially constitutive nature of language, which runs contrary to a perspective of law as machine or, rather, the law as only a mechanistic system of rules and regulations. His ideas have inspired the ＂law and literature＂ movement, which has motivated other scholars to analyze the texts of judicial opinions, for example, according to White＇s theories. However, this essay takes White＇s concept of imagining the law and applies it public address and, specifically, to the 1965 ＂Crime and the Great Society＂ speech given by former Los Angeles Police Chief William Parker. Chief Parker＇s address reveals a vision for the City of Los Angeles in which Parker, himself, asks his audience of citizens and civic leaders to share for advancing a specific agenda for law enforcement＇s role in society.     

Public security versus privacy in technology law: A balancing act?

Technology invades a person's privacy but this has been justified in law on public security grounds. The more technology advances, the more difficult it is to control its privacy intrusive use. This paper argues that there are a number of difficulties posed by such use concerning the respect of one's privacy. The meaning of ‘public security’ is not entirely clear and there are various laws which authorise the invasion of privacy for public security reasons. Technology is developing at such a fast pace and in a more diffused manner without taking on board its privacy implications whilst technological privacy enhancement mechanisms are not catching up. The law of privacy is not sufficiently elaborate and is slow in coming to terms to deal with these novel situations posed by rapid technological advances. The paper thus develops universally legally binding minimum core principles that could be applied indiscriminately to all privacy intrusive technology.     

认真对待刑事搜查

刑事搜查是对公民人身自由权、财产权、住宅权和隐私权等宪法基本权利的强制干预,其理论基础是达致控制犯罪和保障人权的双重目的与平衡公正和效率的价值追求。现有立法关于刑事搜查的规定简单粗疏,侦查机关僭越立法权限加以合目的性解释,并在执法中效率优先兼顾程序,因此,需要对刑事搜查进行技术改造。     

学位评定立法：原则、主体、程序和救济

在学位评定制度立法中,应奉行标准化和多样性平衡、学术性和行政性衔接的原则。应确立答辩委员会与学校学位评定委员会这两个学位评定主体,形成答辩委员会实施实质性审查、学校学位评定委员会进行形式性审查的二级评审体系。同时,必须对评定程序作出细密谨严的规定并应形成校内申诉、行政复议和行政诉讼的三步骤救济机制。     

论刑民冲突之宪法调适

“刑民冲突”现象乃法律规范竞合之一种,惟在宪法的调适下方有合理解决之可能。宪法上的罪刑法定原则与私法自治原则为协调刑民冲突之规范基础,它确立了刑法规范在刑事案件审理中的绝对优先适用地位,但是也为国家公权力机关干预私经济活动、维护市场经济秩序设置了宪法界限及行为准则。在“刑民冲突”案件中,司法机关当以宪法规范为依据,依循“合宪性解释”、“目的解释”等方法对刑法规范与民法规范尽量形成规范内涵、规范意旨协调一致之解释。