The real deal? The post-conflict constitution as a peace agreement

Abstract

When intra-state armed conflicts end through a negotiated settlement, the conflict parties frequently agree to amend or replace the country’s constitution. Their aim is to entrench the settlement, address the conflict incompatibility, reform institutions and take other measures to prevent a recurrence of violence. This article argues that post-conflict constitutions (PCCs) should be understood as peace agreements. It motivates this argument on conceptual, functional and legal grounds. It demonstrates that PCCs comply with conventional definitions of a peace agreement, are an intrinsic component of the conflict resolution process and have a range of peace maintenance functions. As supreme law, they become the definitive peace agreement. Research on peace durability following negotiated settlements should therefore focus not only on comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) but also on PCCs. PCCs should be conceived not as mere components of CPA implementation but as substantive political and legal agreements in their own right and as independent causes of peace.     

我国企业融资结构对证券市场宏观效率影响分析

宏观效率是资本市场的外在效率,是资本市场与国民经济相互作用及其对经济增长贡献所体现出的效率。宏观效率会受到一国经济发展道路和资本融资方式选择的长期影响。优化企业融资结构,实现融资方式的多元化,是增强我国证券市场宏观效率的有效途径。     

论社会主义运动中的改革和稳定

改革和稳定是社会主义发展的关键问题.战后社会主义各国适应世界潮流,走上了改革的道路,改革的策略不同,社会主义的前途就不同.渐进式的改革,带来国家的富强、人民的富裕和社会的稳定.     

宪法价值分析

宪法价值可以分为内在价值、工具性价值与作为评价标准的价值三个层次,分别体现宪法价值的神圣性与世俗化,并从中引申出宪法价值的中立性。宪法价值的三层次在程序正当设计中体现,并通过宪法实施而得到实现。     

论行政紧急权力的宪政基础及其规制——从“巴黎骚乱事件”说起

行政紧急权力是国家紧急权力中的重要部分,是紧急状态法制的核心问题。为了更好地进行紧急状态立法,需要对行政紧急权力的宪政基础、宪法规范、宪法性质及宪政规制做深入研究。行政紧急权力在宪政上是必要的,但其性质不应具有“超宪性”,其宪法规范依据需要进一步健全和完善。对行政紧急权力需要立法和司法方面的宪政规制,特别是来自司法审查的制约。     

骑士、侠客与法文化

宪法变迁的过程也是宪政秩序的塑造过程 ,需要妥善处理好宪法的权威性、稳定性和适应性之间的关系。宪法变迁主要有三种方式 :宪法修改、解释和宪法惯例。每一种方式对于维护宪法的权威性、稳定性和适应性都有利有弊。宪政秩序的塑造不能仅仅依靠一种变迁方式 ,而需要三种方式相互补足的综合性变迁模式。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Foster, The Ethics of Medical Research on Humans
Vidmar, World Jury Systems
Simpson, Human Rights and the End of Empire. Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention
Carty, An Analysis of the Economic Torts
Wright, Tort Law & Human Rights     

Unemployment,imprisonment, and the stability of punishment hypothesis: Some results using cointegration and error correction models

A version of the stability of punishment hypothesis is used to illustrate the concept of cointegration and its relationship to error correction models. The hypothesis is then tested and rejected using data from England and Wales. Finally, a dynamic time-series model relating imprisonment to convictions, crime, and Unemployment is developed and tested.The empirical results in this work are based upon those originally prepared for a paper to be given by the author and Steve Box at the meeting of the American Society of Criminology held in Montreal in November 1987. Steve Box died in September 1987 before it could be completed.The paper is dedicated to his memory and it is hoped that he would have approved its content, if not, perhaps, the dryness of its form.     

中美不对称核稳定与美国战略机会主义论析

中美两国安全关系在两国总体关系中扮演着重要的角色,研究中美之间的战略稳定关系,对于维护两国安全关系的稳定具有重要意义。中国的核威慑实力弱于美国,中美之间呈现出不同于传统战略稳定关系的不对称核稳定态势。中国对美国存在一定的核威慑能力,但有效性仍有差距和不足。这一差距容易使美国产生压制和削弱中国核报复能力的机会主义思想。实施限制损伤战略、发展导弹防御能力、进行战略反潜是美国对中国实施战略机会主义的主要行动。美国谋求削弱中国核报复能力、打破中美不对称核稳定的企图,与中国努力维持核威慑能力、维持中美不对称核稳定的行为形成了两股力量相持的态势。中国应重点提升核武器的质量,提高威慑信号的传递效能,以可信可靠的核威慑和核反击能力打消美国战略机会主义心态,维持两国间的战略稳定,特别是危机稳定性,筑牢遏制战争爆发的基础。     

宪法保障新时代社会主义意识形态建设之理性审视

意识形态是宪法的基本内核,宪法是意识形态最重要的载体,意识形态要通过宪法来体现和维护。注重宪法保障是我国意识形态建设的一条宝贵经验,我国宪法确认和赋予了社会主义意识形态的宪法地位,划设了意识形态领域的宪法红线,为社会主义意识形态建设提供了根本法治保障。我国现行宪法是符合国情、符合实际、符合时代发展要求的好宪法。在深入推进全面依法治国的新时代,需要通过完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系、强化宪法实施监督、压实党组织推进宪法实施的政治责任、提高宪法宣传教育质量措施等,进一步健全保证宪法实施的监督机制和具体制度,着力提高宪法实施水平,在推进宪法实施中强化社会主义意识形态建设的宪法保障。