司法裁判事实认定中的非理性因素

在司法裁判事实认定中,裁判者基于自身所具有的自然属性和社会属性,会不可避免地掺入一些个人的非理性因素,如潜意识、思维定势、个人情感、个性气质和欲望需求等.裁判者非理性因素在事实认定中犹如一把“双刃剑”,既能发挥支配和促进、诱导和激励、选择和评价、调节和控制等积极作用,也存在片面性、或然性和盲目性等消极影响,因此,有必要通过完善裁判者教育培训制度,建立司法判决理由公开制度和落实合议制、陪审制和回避制等措施来进行有效导控.     

裁判规范还是行为规范——对滥用职权罪的功能性考察

刑法规范具有行为规范和裁判规范的功能。滥用职权罪应以行为规范功能为先,以“重大损失”作为构成要件限制了其行为规范功能;司法上的扩张解释虽然有助于实现该功能,却又危及罪刑法定原则。滥用职权罪之行为规范立足于规范的实质根据和价值取向,构造为义务规范,旨在保障职权的安全行使。立法和司法工作应当遵循行为规范功能,强化义务意识,预防优先。     

公司机会准则的司法裁判

源于美国普通法的公司机会准则,具有平衡公司与董事之间利益诉求冲突的功能。为使这一功能在实践中得到充分发挥,我国《公司法》应当借鉴美国法中的丰富判例与成熟规则,对公司机会认定标准与董事得以合法利用的情形作出明确细致的规定,以增强该制度的可操作性,促进司法裁判的有效开展。     

Competence to Waive Interrogation Rights and Adjudicative Competence in Adolescent Defendants: Cognitive Development,Attorney Contact,and Psychological Symptoms

Although there is growing evidence of developmental differences in competency to waive interrogation rights and adjudicative competence, the correlates of adolescents' legal capacities remain unclear. This study examined the relationship of legal capacities to cognitive development, legal learning opportunities, and psychological symptoms. Participants were 152 male and female defendants aged 11–17, who completed Grisso's Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights, the Fitness Interview Test (Revised Edition), the Woodcock-Johnson III Cognitive Assessment Battery, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children. Legal capacities relevant to interrogation and adjudication increased with age. These developmental differences were partially mediated or explained by cognitive development. Of the specific cognitive ilities examined (general intellectual ability, verbal ability, reasoning, long-term retrieval, attention, and executive functioning), verbal ability was a particularly strong predictor of performance on competency measures. Also, defendants obtained lower scores on competency measures if they showed evidence of attention deficits or hyperactivity, had spent limited time with their attorneys, and/or were from low socioeconomic backgrounds.     

海外中国公民安全问题与国籍国的保护

海外中国公民的安全问题已越来越引起人们的关注,而对其中所牵涉到的管辖权以及中国作为国籍国的保护等问题也是众说纷纭。本文以此为导引,围绕外国人的管辖、外国人的待遇、外交和领事保护等基本问题,从国际法和国内法两个不同的角度展开了全面而深入的分析。外国人合法权益的维护和保障必须按照国际法和国内法,并依靠国际社会的广泛合作才能取得良好的效果。     

刑事诉讼法若干前沿问题

刑事诉讼立法和执法应当注意处理好八组关系:控制犯罪与保障人权的关系;实体法与程序法的关系;公正与效率的关系;被告人权利保障与被害人权利保障的关系;严格执行法律与行使裁量权的关系;执行刑事政策与执行刑事法律的关系;法律效果与社会效果的关系;短期利益与长远利益的关系.在证据不足不起诉决定后不应再作其他处理,不起诉后不应作更严厉的处分,修改法律应扩大不起诉和增加附条件不起诉,应当改革死刑复核程序和审判监督程序.     

The Effects of British and American Trial Procedures on the Quality of Juror Decision-Making

Compared to American trial procedures, British procedures provide a less distracting environment in which jurors can process trial evidence. Relying on theories of persuasion, it was predicted that jurors viewing British procedures would be less affected by extra-evidentiary cues and would be more sensitive to evidence strength variations than jurors in American trials. Participants (N = 245) viewed a mock trial in which trial procedure, judge's nonverbal behavior, and evidence strength were varied. Participants judged the British procedures to be more civil and fair than American procedures but were less likely to find for the plaintiff. Although jurors recalled more trial facts when they viewed British procedures, they were not more sensitive to variations in evidence strength. There was some evidence that British procedures may increase the influence of judge's nonverbal behavior on juror judgments. The relative benefits of different trial procedures are discussed.     

论法律推理的合法性要求

合法性是对司法审判活动的基本要求,在法律推理中同样如此。法律形式主义的合法性理论遭到了法律现实主义的否定,这两种理论都是以简化的法律推理模式为出发点的。本文指出,法律推理的合法性首先要求法律推理必须使用法律上的理由;其次还取决于当事人及其律师的合法参与以及社会对司法判决的一般性接受。     

解读加拿大的法庭制度

加拿大的法庭是脱离政府而独立存在的。法庭制度一直沿用英国的司法理念,并具有现代西方法律通用的模型。加拿大的法庭主要分为省初级法庭、省高级法庭、省上诉法庭和加拿大最高法庭,同时实行公民选择权及陪审团制度。     

刑事诉讼管辖权异议制度刍议

本文对我国刑事诉讼中设立管辖权异议制度的可行性作了探讨。文章首先阐述了设立刑事诉讼管辖权异议制度的必要性,认为它是当事人在刑事诉讼中一个必不可少的诉讼权利;接着文章分析了当前司法实践中对此问题的态度和处理办法,进而充分论述了此项制度的基本内涵,包括异议主体、异议内容、处理机关及救济措施等;最后作者提出了自己对建立此项制度在立法上和程序操作上的建议。