人类学视野中的交往与族群关系

人类学意义上的"交往",不仅指人类共同体内部成员之间的往来和自我认同,而且也指共同体与共同体之间的群体交往或个体与其他个体的往来。源于不同文化背景的族群交往通常表现为族际之间的矛盾、冲突与调适,族群关系就是在这种互动过程中趋于紧张或和谐。     

禁止单方接触与保障程序公平

禁止单方接触是指禁止有权作出决定的人与其正在处理或即将由其处理的特定事项有关的当事一方在背着其他当事方的情况下所进行的任何接触。实行禁止单方接触规则对于防止法官和行政执法官员的腐败 ,具有重要作用。     

论邻地通行权

邻地通行权是指土地权利人(被围绕地人)在与公路(或通路)无正常(适宜)的联络、导致不能为通常的使用时,得请求相邻土地的权利人(周围地人、围绕地人)容忍自己于必要范围内通行的权利。法特性上其属于不动产相邻关系法系统中的法定权利,相应地乃是对通行地(周围地、围绕地)人不动产土地权利的限制。大陆法与英美法各国家和地区民法大多有此制度或规则的明文。我国《民法典》第291条确立了相邻关系通行权,然其完整的法理、学理、构成要件以及法律效果等的解释论系统尚付阙如,应予以构建或释明,期冀《民法典》的该规则可切实地作用于我国的社会生活与法律实践。     

PROTECTING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN CONTACT DISPUTES: THE ROLE OF CHILDREN'S CONTACT SERVICES IN AUSTRALIA*

This article explores the role of Children's Contact Services (CCSs) in protecting children's right to express, and have heard, their wishes in contact disputes. The findings presented are drawn from the Australian Children's Contact Services Project and were based on 142 interviews with representatives from the government, the courts and legal profession who refer families to CCSs, service staff, as well as the parents and children who use the services. An analysis of client data from 396 families who had used one of six contact services in Victoria and Queensland during the month of August 2003 was also conducted. The findings suggested that CCSs successfully engaged children in a “dynamic self‐deterministic” process where children were able to explore their own wishes in relation to contact visits over time as their relationship goals changed. John Eekelaar described this process as being central to making decisions that are in children's best interests.     

What Actually Matters? Understanding Attitudes toward Immigration in Switzerland

On 9 February 2014, the Swiss people accepted the popular initiative “against mass immigration” launched by the national‐conservative Swiss People's Party (SVP). This voting outcome has triggered wide‐ranging debates about both the policy on immigrants as well as the future of Switzerland within the European context. Against this background, we evaluate attitudes toward immigration in Switzerland. Using hitherto unexplored survey data of MOSAiCH, our empirical analyses show that already in the year 2013, before the debate about the initiative on mass immigration was in full swing, roughly 53 percent of the 1011 interviewed Swiss citizens stated that immigration should be reduced. Moreover, our estimations indicate that the threats and fears induced by immigration and the will to maintain sovereignty and autonomy are particularly relevant for attitudes toward immigration. By contrast, education and national or personal economic conditions are only weakly related to the immigration issue.     

从Petrobras案看美国《反海外腐败法》的域外管辖问题

Petrobras案反映了美国《反海外腐败法》(FCPA)的域外管辖权存在合理性的问题。通过回顾该法的立法历史和研究其条款的规定,分析FCPA针对外国公司的典型案例,表明美国FCPA执法机构宽泛地解释法律,借助微弱的连接点,扩大FCPA域外管辖权的行使范围。这既与美国国内法和司法实践中确定行使域外管辖权的合理性平衡检验标准不一致,同时也不符合《经合组织公约》和习惯国际法规则的要求。究其实质,美国《反海外腐败法》一方面为国际社会治理跨国贿赂提供了国际公共产品,另一方面也在维护了美国和美国公司的利益,收取额外的霸权收益。     

The “STICKINESS” of stigma: Guilt by association after a friend's arrest

Prior research has examined the consequences of one's police contact, but the consequences of vicarious police contact are not as well known. This study expands on labeling theory and the concept of “stickiness” by assessing whether a friend's arrest increases the likelihood of one's police contact. Using a sample of rural youth (N = 13,170), I find that a friend's arrest is associated with an increase in the likelihood of one's first arrest the next year after accounting for other predictors of police contact. Based on my theoretical framework, I interpret this finding as “guilt by association.” In addition, ending relationships with friends who have been arrested does not significantly impact this relationship. This study concludes that police contact may be harmful for a youth's social network and builds on the concept of stickiness by suggesting that stigma not only sticks from one individual to another but may also stay despite efforts to end one's association with the arrested individual. The study expands on preexisting research on the consequences of adolescent police contact by introducing a friend's police contact as a way in which an individual may be more likely to become involved in the justice system.     

中东民族主义与政治发展:历史、现实及前景

中东政治发展始终伴随着民族主义的嬗变。在中东早期宪政改革与民族国家体系的建构过程中,民族主义扮演着重要的角色。民族主义与当代中东政治发展存在着结构性的矛盾。从全球化与现代化的角度看,当代中东民族主义并没有衰落,而只是处于转型阶段。当代中东政治发展只能超越历史上的民族主义,而不能超越民族主义的历史。其面临的困境不能简单的归结为中东民族主义的制约,更不能以超越民族主义作为解决的途径。民族主义与中东政治发展的关系更多的体现为相互扬弃,两者统一于中东国家自身政治发展道路的探索。     

The evaluation of human hand odor volatiles on various textiles: a comparison between contact and noncontact sampling methods

The focus of this study is to compare contact and noncontact human scent collection procedures across an array of textiles (cotton, rayon, polyester, and wool) to determine an optimized collection method for human scent evidence. Six subjects were sampled in triplicate for each textile and collection mode, and the samples were then analyzed through headspace solid-phase micro-extraction in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Contact sampling with cotton material has been shown to be the collection method that yielded the greatest number of volatile compounds and the highest scent mass amounts. Through Spearman rank correlations, it was shown that an individual's scent profile is more reproducible within samples collected on the same textile type than between different materials. Furthermore, contact sampling with cotton fabric demonstrated the greatest reproducibility producing the lowest amount of type I and type II errors with 90.85% of the samples distinguished at the 0.9 match/no match threshold.     

从“台湾人认同”到双重认同

台湾已经形成"台湾人认同",它是否与"中国人认同"互相排斥,是否可能成为"双重认同"的基础,两岸是否可能走向"双重认同"或"两岸认同"?对于这些问题,两岸学界与普通民众存在不同的看法。本文详细分析种种不同的看法,从中探讨"双重认同"的可能性。此外,针对现有实现双重认同途径所依据的理论,即群际接触与建构主义理论进行讨论,提出突破双重认同的关键所在,希望两岸学界共同探寻中国式的理论,破解两岸关系的这一难题。