承运人责任限额之货币计算单位研究

国际货物运输公约一般都规定承运人享有责任限制,但在国际统一立法水平较高的海运和空运领域,承运人责任限额及其货币计算单位并不统一.就责任限额水平问题,不仅《鹿特丹规则》制定时存在争议,中国也有观点认为《维斯比规则》提高了《海牙规则》的责任限额水平.通过对英镑、法郎和特别提款权在空运和海运国际立法中的梳理、比较和实证分析,得出三种货币计算单位各有特点,具有一定历史合理性,不同货币计算单位下的责任限额在不同法律语境下不能简单直接比较,确定适当的责任限额水平要考虑诸多其他因素.     

评中国对 CISG 非书面形式规定保留的理论和实践———以中国撤回该项保留为契机

中国在核准CISG时对该公约关于合同非书面形式的规定予以保留.现行《合同法》规定合同可以非书面形式订立.为此,理论界对于中国当事方是否仍应以书面形式订立国际货物买卖合同,以及中国应否撤回该项保留有激烈的讨论.中国的法院和仲裁机构对理论论争保持不予回应的态度,并发展出两种立场：其一为依最密切联系原则适用中国法,其二为径自适用CISG第11条等合同形式条款,该两种做法都存在缺陷.中国对CISG的此项保留,发生该公约关于合同非书面形式的规定被排除适用的效果,具体准据法应依据冲突规范予以确定.近期中国已经撤回该项保留,中国当事方将毫无争议地以非书面形式订立国际货物买卖合同.据此,该项撤回必将促进中国的实践部门积极适用CISG,中国有望成为研究CISG的中心.     

Explaining civil protection cooperation in the EU: the contribution of public goods theory

Abstract

In recent years the European Union has taken a number of steps towards improving civil protection cooperation in Europe. European leaders regularly declare the importance of boosting cooperation to prepare for and respond to disasters and emergencies afflicting member states. Those declarations have been accompanied by a flourish of policy activity, the building of new structures, and even treaty changes. On the surface, this little-known area of European integration appears to be proceeding with great success. A closer look, however, reveals significant gaps between member states' general expressions of enthusiasm and problematic cooperation in practice. We draw upon public goods theory to explain why this might be the case; more specifically, we identify likely game-theoretic obstacles to cooperation in different areas of the civil protection field. We evaluate our theoretical propositions by examining the current state of cooperation in marine pollution response, chemical contamination management, and flood response. We find that cooperation success in practice corresponds generally, but not perfectly, with the predictions of public goods theory. Our findings offer a nuanced view of civil protection cooperation in Europe and illuminate options for improved cooperation in the future.     

European internal security as a public good

Abstract

This introduction argues for a new research agenda on European internal security cooperation from the perspective of public goods. We set out our case in three parts. First, we identify new empirical puzzles and demonstrate significant explanatory gaps in the existing internal security literature which public goods theory could help address. Second, we outline the building blocks of a public goods approach and provide an overview of its application, both existing and potentially, in various areas of regional security and European integration. Third, we present three complementary ways of using public goods theory to analyse internal security in the European Union, with the aim of spurring new research questions while accepting some limitations of this theoretical approach.     

Urban trust in Kenya and Tanzania: Cooperation in the provision of public goods

Literature connecting ethnic diversity with public goods provision has found public goods to be poorly and unevenly supplied in ethnically heterogeneous communities. Scrutinising this hypothesis, the study contrasts an ethnically homogenous community in Kenya with an ethnically heterogeneous one in Tanzania, documenting levels of trust and cooperation in public goods provision. Interviews and focus groups with market-sellers of Mwanza (Tanzania) and Kisumu (Kenya) reveal how the two professionally similar populations differ starkly in the way they participate in public goods, and in an opposite direction to that which would be predicted by the current literature on ethnicity. On the topic of the organisation of security and cleaning within markets in Mwanza, ethnically heterogeneous market-sellers' sense of solidarity facilitates a greater degree of seller-on-seller trust. In Kisumu, in contrast, with participants reflective of the dominant Luo ethnicity, the lack of state provision of public services has seen a feeble and individualistic response. The findings demonstrate how ethnic distribution matters less for public goods provision than commitments amongst citizens themselves and between citizens and local authorities.     

农村公共产品供给失衡探究——基于公共选择理论的视角

农村公共产品的有效供给是实现公共服务均等化的必然要求,对于农村生产、农民生活乃至国家经济的发展有着重要意义。公共选择理论作为一种分析工具可以对政治主体的理性行为做出很好的诠释,进而有力解析了农村公共产品供给所面临的失衡困境。     

我国农村公共产品供给机制优化研究

农村公共产品供给机制是否健全,直接关系到社会全面进步及社会主义新农村建设。中华人民共和国成立以来,我国农村公共产品供给取得了巨大成就,尤其是教育、医疗、就业、社会保障等与民生关系紧密的供给体制机制得到优化。不过在供给机制方面仍存在一定的缺陷,这对我国农业、农村以及农民发展是非常不利的。从农村群众利益出发,加大农村公共产品供给力度,让大家共享改革发展成果,对于提升政府公信力、构建和谐社会意义重大。必须不断推进机制创新,优化新形势下农村公共产品供给现状。     

论赃物的善意取得

善意取得是物权法上的一项重要制度。妥善处理赃物与善意取得之间的关系,在司法实践中具有重要意义。由于犯罪形态的复杂性,对赃物的认定也具有多样性。但由于在法律层面没有规定赃物的善意取得,我国在不同时期的规定与司法解释,导致司法实践做法的混乱。从维护交易安全、私权限制公权以及公平正义原则角度出发,我国应建立赃物完全适用善意取得制度。     

以农民公共需求为导向的农村公共品供给机制的完善

以政府供给导向为主的农村公共品供给不仅不利于维护农民利益、促进农村发展,也拉大了城乡二元差距,影响社会和谐.农村公共品的供给亟需由政府导向向农民公共需求导向转变,通过建立农村公共品供给决策机制等手段,实现以农民多元化的公共需求为导向,完善农村公共品的供给机制.     

“准走私”及其在取证中的意义

“准走私”是指直接向走私人非法收购国家禁止进口物品的或者直接向走私人非法收购走私进口的其他货物、物品 ,数额较大的 ;在内海、领海、界河、界湖运输、收购、贩卖国家禁止进出口物品的或者运输、收购、贩卖国家限制进出口货物、物品 ,数额较大 ,没有合法证明的。熟练掌握和运用“准走私”的规定 ,不仅有利于案件的侦破 ,而且有利于改变实际办案过程中过分强调犯罪嫌疑人的供述 ,从而遏制刑讯逼供的违法办案现象。