“后税费时代”农村公共物品难题的法经济学和法社会学分析——以大型农用水利设施为个案

税费改革和产权改革后的农村公共物品在运营上陷入困局，其根源在于改革在方向与规范、技术之间的脱节。这种脱节既反映在公共物品本身的运营系统内，还体现在更为复杂和深刻的制度背景之中。以“大制度理论”为背景，基于法经济学和法社会学的视角，大型农州水利设施的运营难题集中反映了当前家庭联产承包责任制的弊端和局限，凸显了当前农村自治在乡村组织动员能力建设和公共事务决策权分配这两个重大环节上的疏漏．并显示出当代农村改革在制度变迁上存在的缺陷和弊端。解决大型农用水利设施难题的具体方案应当遵循序列化、层次化的原则，有步骤、有重点地逐步推进。首先应建立中央和省级政府对大型农村水利设施的外贴制度，通过各级转移支付集中解决大型农用水利设施的历史负债，消化其巨大的沉淀成本，并在全体村民享有最终决策权的基础上，完善水利设施的产权改革，以及完善水费征收制度。其次应加强乡村直接民主制度、土地经营制度、乡村金融制度等宏观制度的建设和完善，并推动农村改革在制度变迁上走向科学与合理。     

潮汕海外华侨与抗日战争

潮汕海外华侨在抗日战争中,奋起救亡,宣传抗日;捐资献物,支援抗战;抵制日货,投资建设祖国;回国参战,血洒疆场。他们为打败日本侵略者,争取抗日战争的胜利做出了巨大的贡献。     

亚洲安全新格局的历史性建构*

冷战结束尤其是2014年后,美国对亚洲安全事务的影响和作用总体有所降低,中国参与、贡献和引领亚洲安全新格局构建的地位和作用上升。中国、美国及地区国家深度博弈,多数国家期待建立一个全面、有效、可被广泛接受的亚洲安全新格局。当前,亚洲安全格局存在着时空错位、理念分歧、结构冲突、机制分散等四大关联交互的突出问题,导致亚洲安全面临系统困境。从区域公共产品视角看,亚洲安全公共产品供求矛盾日益突出,亟待探索构建亚洲安全新格局。中国应抓住历史机遇,积极发挥在亚洲安全新格局建构中的角色作用,加强理念和方向引领,加强同世界主要力量在地区安全问题上的协调合作,妥善处理地区安全热点问题,加强文明交流互鉴,推动亚洲安全治理机制建设,大力推进亚洲安全合作,努力实现从安全公共产品的消费国向供给国转变,为自身建设发展营造良好外部环境,也为亚洲安全建设和构建亚洲命运共同体、迈向人类命运共同体贡献更大力量。     

Childhood bads,parenting goods,and the right to procreate

Abstract

Harry Brighouse and Adam Swift, together with many other philosophers, think that adults’ interests in raising a child can give them a moral right to parent when they will be adequate parents. We consider whether the same interest could give such adults a moral right to procreate, as a means of acquiring a child to raise. We argue that the interest in parenting cannot support a right to procreate, because the features of childhood that make parenting uniquely valuable for adults are bad for children. Adults may have a right to procreate, but they do not have that right due to their interest in a parent–child relationship.     

NATO: The View from the East

Abstract

Relations between Russia, Ukraine and Belarus and NATO have placed more emphasis on cooperation than confrontation since the Cold War, and Ukraine has begun to move towards membership. At the popular level, on the evidence of national surveys in 2004 and 2005, NATO continues to be perceived as a significant threat, but in Russia and Ukraine it comes behind the United States (in Belarus the numbers are similar). There are few socioeconomic predictors of support for NATO membership that are significant across all three countries, but there are wide differences by region, and by attitudinal variables such as support for a market economy and for EU membership. The relationship between popular attitudes and foreign policy is normally a distant one; but in Ukraine NATO membership will require public support in a referendum, and in all three cases public attitudes on foreign policy issues can influence foreign policy in other ways, including the composition of parliamentary committees. In newly independent states whose international allegiances are still evolving, the associations between public opinion and foreign and security policy may often be closer than in the established democracies.     

新农村建设中政府公共服务能力的限制因素及其对策

社会主义新农村建设是一个系统工程,仅靠市场机制的自发调节是无法完成的。政府必须承担起相应的责任,然而,政府责任不在于直接参与市场竞争,而在于提供公共服务。政府公共服务能力直接影响一个国家公共服务的总体水平。因此,政府必须强化农村公共服务职能,提升公共服务能力,提高公共服务水平。     

论我国《消费者权益保护法》中的惩罚性赔偿

我国在1994年开始实施的《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》中规定了惩罚性损害赔偿制度,该制度具有惩罚经营者的欺诈行为和激励消费者维权的功能。但在司法实践中围绕该制度的适用却出现了问题,主要表现为知假买假者能否要求惩罚性赔偿,对适用惩罚性赔偿的条件———“欺诈”应如何理解以及惩罚性赔偿的数额等问题。认可知假买假者的消费者身份,对“欺诈”作有别于《民法通则》与《合同法》中的解释以及重新确定惩罚性赔偿的额度将有助于发挥惩罚性赔偿制度的功能。     

Providing infrastructure for a future state: Reading Herzl's Der Judenstaat in 1996

Theodor Herzl's Der Judenstaat, published in 1896, laid the intellectual foundations for the future state of Israel. His hope was to create for the Jews of Europe a country where they could live without suffering discrimination and deprivation of vertical mobility. This article focuses on Herzl's views of the means and ends of creating the social overhead capital or infrastructure of such a future country. A century ago, before Herzl, the strategic role of the public goods in the economic development process had not been sufficiently recognized.     

城乡结合部管理体制改革:思路与政策建议--公共物品提供的主体、责任与机制

随着中国城市化进程的发展,城乡结合部的公共管理问题成为理论界和政府关注的一个焦点问题.本文在分析城乡结合部特征及其发展阶段的基础上,阐述了不同时期和阶段城乡结合部公共物品提供的主体、责任与机制问题.     

新《合同法》对海上货物运输的影响

在新合同法中 ,有一些货物运输方面的法规是海商法法所没有的 ,且合同法和海商法也存在一些差异 ,这些条款必定对海上货物运输产生影响。本文分析了这些条款的差异和效力。