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21.
基于北京市流动人口家庭户调查数据,运用Logistic回归方法分析影响在京流动人口留京意愿的主要影响因素。实证数据表明,是否拥有住房和在京时间是影响流动人口留京意愿的关键因素。而是否有配偶对流动人口留京意愿的影响并不显著。此外,城市适应作为影响流动人口留京意愿上的作用并不十分显著。尤其是生活水平满意度和社会接纳状况对流动人口的留京意愿的影响均不显著。  相似文献   
22.
犯罪的产生必有其原因。犯罪兼有社会、人文、自然三重属性,其产生遂兼有社会、人文、自然三重原因。犯罪的社会原因与自然原因,很大程度上又可概括为犯罪产生的外因,亦即犯罪的客观原因;犯罪的个人原因,很大程度上又可概括为犯罪产生的内因,亦即犯罪的主观原因。犯罪原因论之关键的问题与问题的关键,在于认清到底是主观原因还是客观原因,应该属于犯罪产生的首要原因。故而,犯罪原因论中进行主、客观原因地位的比较研究,具有非常重要的理论意义与实践意义。但主、客观原因在产生犯罪中的地位问题又十分复杂,致使犯罪学界对其长期纠结,众说纷纭,莫衷一是。“主观说”、“客观说”、“折衷说”(“主、客观原因并列冠军说”)、“说不清说”等,各有千秋,各有得失。而“双因交互,异况各论说”,既取各论之长、又避各论之短、还重自主创新,是一种颇有智慧的主、客观原因地位论。“双因交互,异况各论说”认为,产生犯罪必须主、客观原因同时具备,主、客观原因在产生犯罪中的地位没有统一模式,对主、客观原因在产生犯罪中的地位需具体情况具体分析。  相似文献   
23.
This paper addresses the question of how electoral participation at the individual level is affected by various political and sociological factors in new democracies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Relying on Afrobarometer (Round 5) data, the study examines the determinants of voting for over 12,000 voting aged individuals in eight countries. Findings confirm the importance of individual characteristics such as age, associational networks, discussing politics, party identification, religiosity, trust and satisfaction with democracy in predicting turnout at the individual level. But more importantly, the addition of contextual factors significantly improves the individual-level model predicting vote choice in these democracies.  相似文献   
24.
论中国民族聚落的分类   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
管彦波 《思想战线》2001,27(2):38-41
我国民族聚落(即居民点的通称)的形成和发展,受到自然地理环境、宗教信仰、经济活动方式、家庭制度等因素的影响,由于聚落形成的原因不同,所表现的方式和呈现的景观也不同.聚落形成有一定的特殊规律,研究聚落形成和发展过程中所出现的同一性和差异性,对于进一步了解民族内部结构、民族间的关系,以及多元化的中国社会,有重要的价值和意义.  相似文献   
25.
借鉴生态学知识与原理来重新解释审美活动及其一系列关键词是生态美学建构的重要组成部分,针对生态危机这个时代语境来重释"美"的要点则是解释它与"生态健康"的内在关联,其理论难点是将认识性的、不可感知的"生态健康"内容有机地融合到审美体验之中,从而建构出有别于传统之"美"的"生态健康之美",进而将传统的审美体验转化为生态审美...  相似文献   
26.
Despite renewed interests in the labeling perspective and the impact of official intervention on individuals’ future outcomes, scant attention has been given to potential conditioning factors for theorized labeling processes. We argue that, when viewed through a symbolic interactionist lens, variations in the nature of primary social groups, through which individuals filter official labels like arrest, may generate patterns for subsequent self-concept and delinquency that are contrary to what labeling theory indicates. To test our rationale, we offer a moderated mediation model in which gang membership is expected to differentially impact the effect of arrest on future delinquency through an intermediary mechanism: self-esteem. We test a gang–nongang dichotomy and then probe further to test whether hypothesized effects are gang specific or occur similarly for nongang youths with highly delinquent peer groups. Analyzed using Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS) data (N = 961), comparisons between gang members and nonaffiliated youths with similarly highly delinquent peer groups revealed no significant differences in conditional indirect effects of arrest on self-esteem and future delinquency; the two groups were similarly insulated from any negative impact of arrest on self-esteem. For nongang youths with fewer delinquent peers, however, arrest significantly reduced later self-esteem, which in turn increased their future delinquency.  相似文献   
27.
Although forensic examiners operate in a stressful environment, there is a lack of understanding about workplace stress and feedback. These organizational and human factors can potentially impact forensic science judgments. In this study, 150 practicing forensic examiners from one laboratory were surveyed about their experiences of workplace stress, and the explicit and implicit feedback they receive. Forensic examiners reported that their high stress levels originated more from workplace-related factors (management and/or supervision, backlogs, and the pressure to do many cases) than from personal related factors (family, medical, and/or financial). The findings showed that a few (8%) of the forensic examiners sometimes felt strong implicit feedback about what conclusions were expected from them and that some (14%) also strongly felt that they were more appreciated when they helped to solve a case (e.g., by reaching a “match” as opposed to an “inconclusive” conclusion). Differences were found when comparing workplace stress and feedback levels across three core forensic science fields (forensic biology, chemistry, and latent prints) and across career stages (early, mid, and late). Gaining insights into the stress factors within a workplace and explicit and implicit feedback has implications for developing policies to improve the well-being, motivation, and performance of forensic examiners.  相似文献   
28.
《Science & justice》2020,60(3):225-233
The technique of fire investigation is a forensic domain in which expertise and analogies play a central role. To learn how fire investigators use these analogies to support their work, we conducted an ethnographic study in a Swiss forensic police department. To propose a suitable knowledge-management strategy, we also evaluated the knowledge conservation and sharing within the department. Our results highlighted that actionable knowledge is registered mainly in the investigators’ memories of a few, very experienced, individuals. Without experience with fire-incident investigations, an agent generally requires help from a more experienced colleague, who will then use his memory to find a similar case, which can contribute to the solution of the ongoing one. The research also established that knowledge is exchanged orally during on-site investigations and that knowledge receivers are generally those who are present on the scene. Using these findings, we suggest building a case library to support the externalisation and sharing of knowledge.  相似文献   
29.
幸福是人类永恒的追求,人们对幸福问题的关注由来已久。最近10年来关于警察幸福的研究日益增多,国内外研究呈现出以下趋势:对"警察幸福"概念不一致,在"幸福"的含义及其组成要素方面存在诸多分歧;心理学是主要研究阵地,在传统的压力研究之外出现新的研究动向;实证研究中自变量呈现多元化趋势,对特定对象的专门研究体现出较强的中西方差异。  相似文献   
30.
The higher prevalence of insomnia in women has been attributed to biological factors, which are less likely than cognitive and behavioural factors to play a role in perpetuating insomnia. Gender differences in perpetuating factors have not been extensively examined. This study compared men’s and women’s self-reports of factors that perpetuate insomnia; experience of symptoms, perceived severity and impact on daytime functioning; and use of strategies to manage insomnia. Data were collected at baseline, using reliable and valid measures, in a project that evaluated behavioural therapies for insomnia. The sample (N = 739) consisted of women (62.4%) and men (37.6%). Gender differences were found in: (1) perpetuating factors: men took more naps and held more unhelpful beliefs about insomnia, whereas women experienced higher pre-sleep arousal; (2) perception of insomnia severity: higher among women; (3) perceived impact of insomnia: higher fatigue among women; and (4) use of strategies (higher in women) to manage insomnia. Gender differences were of a small size but could be associated with women’s stress, expression of somatic symptoms, and interest in maintaining their own health to meet multiple role demands.  相似文献   
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