完善农村土地承包经营权流转制度的法律思考

近十几年来,随着我国农业和农村经济的发展,特别是农业产业化经营的兴起和农村劳动力转移这一状况演进发展,被誉为＂中国第三次土地革命＂的土地承包经营权流转速度明显加快,规模不断扩大,形式多种多样,这是对家庭承包责任制的有益补充和完善,也是我国农业迈向现代化的未来之路。引导、规范农村土地承包经营权的合理流转,是当前摆在我们面前的重大课题。     

浅析合同诈骗罪

合同诈骗罪是从普通诈骗罪中分离出来的新型经济犯罪,在所有以诈骗为手段的犯罪案件中,合同诈骗案件占有相当高的比例。它以合同为掩护、手段隐蔽、不易察觉、认定困难,所以给了犯罪分子可乘之机。本文通过对合同诈骗罪的含义、特征及行为人签订合同时的目的、采取手段、履行合同的能力、对待合同的态度、合同标的物的处置方式、受侵害客体以及是否承扭违约责任等方面的具体剖析,使公民对其加深了解,提高警惕,使司法活动更加准确、公平,最终使合同诈骗罪得到有效的惩治与预防。     

Reforming Indian agriculture and the rise of farmer's protest in India: Tracing the discourse and the way ahead

The Indian government unveiled new farm legislation on September 27, 2020, with the goal of empowering the farming community. According to the government, new farm regulations will reduce the reliance of indigenous farmers on the mandi (market yard) system, which is now in place and is quite exploitative and full of middlemen and legal cartels. The regulations made contract farming lawful with the intention of luring private sector investment in bolstering agricultural supply chains and infrastructure to give farmers better pricing. But these rules are referred to as repressive and anti-farmer by the farming community. Farmers believe that eliminating the mandi system will eliminate the minimum support price (MSP) mechanism and that contract farming will ultimately be damaging, enticing major corporations and private investors to bind them to unfair contracts that will result in exploitation. Farmers' demonstrations have begun as a result in the former territory of the green revolution. In order to determine if the new farm regulations introduced by the central government are indeed beneficial to the rural community or not, the article followed the debate among many academics, policy makers, economists, researchers, stakeholders, and politicians (the government's spokesman). The article's main focus is on analysing the farmers' demand for the new farm rules to be repealed and the economic justification for their opposition. Additionally, it contends that new farm rules will encourage capitalistic farming and endanger the viability of farming communities, particularly small and marginal farms (S&M).     

蚂蚁花呗套现行为之刑法评价 ——以解构冒用他人账号进行套现为切入

随着互联网金融的发展,花呗等类似信用卡的透支工具出现在人们的消费方式中,以花呗套现为代表的新型套现方式也成为问题。司法实践中,围绕冒用他人支付宝账户进行花呗套现行为应如何认定的问题争论不休,有观点主张按传统信用卡诈骗罪处理,亦有观点则认为不应将花呗产品认定为信用卡,其更符合盗窃、诈骗罪的犯罪构成,还有观点认为可将花呗套现行为解释为非法经营罪进行规制。逐一分析上述观点,结合花呗套现自身特点,在恪守罪刑法定原则的前提下,可以找到对于该种行为的合理规制。     

Insurance Law Reform by Degrees: Late Payment and Insurable Interest

Over the last 11 years, the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission have worked on a joint project to modernise the law of insurance contracts. Due to the size of the project, the Law Commissions proceeded in phases and separated out specific issues for legislative reform. Their proposals have already resulted in the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 and the Insurance Act 2015 which brought about significant changes for consumer and non‐consumer insureds and insurers alike. This paper examines two further areas of reform: the introduction of an implied term about payment of insurance claims by insurers within a reasonable time and a statutory restatement of the doctrine of insurable interest. It considers the old and new substantive law and provides an insight into the reform process.     

论中国古代契约与国家法的关系--以唐代法律与借贷契约的关系为中心

中国古代法律 (如唐代律令 )对契约的规制或指导 ,在总体上是 :部分的民间事务靠习俗调整 ,部分的则由法律调整。国家承认“私契”的地位 ,并承认它的规则。有关借贷契约的法律和契约实践表明 ,契约内容和契约活动是在法律规制下进行的。国家通过受理 (官为理 )、不受理 (官不为理 ) ,表达契约自由的限度 ;并有质物处理、保人责任等程序性的和实体权利义务的设定 ;律令规定往往是相衔接的。但在实践中 ,契约内容对法律又有遵守与抵触两种情形同时存在。在契约的履行方式、利息限制、质物交付与处理、保人代偿等问题上 ,这种冲突都比较明显。契约中还有“抵赦”条款 ,专门应对国家对私人债负的赦免效力问题。     

强制缔约制度之探析

强制缔约是现代合同法的一项重要制度 ,她可以防止被强制方滥用其权利 ,维护弱势群体的利益 ,践行合同正义。但其适用亦有其条件限制 ,责任承担的方式比较特殊。我国相关立法规定比较滞后 ,应予以完善 ,以求对有关问题加以妥善解决     

集体合同的立法基础与实践需求

集体合同立法问题引起社会的关注,更多的不是理论问题,而是实践方面的需求,在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中,集体合同制度对实现本单位职工劳动权益的整体维护,规范和妥善处理劳动关系方面的问题,协调稳定职工队伍起着重要作用,集体合同立法条件已经具备.     

合同概念的历史变迁及其解释

对合同的概念,在不同的历史阶段和法律文化背景下,存在着各殊的构想模式。古典罗马法以形式主义和类型法定为契约概念的特质,构建了债一契约的制度模式;中世纪注释法学家遵循这一模式,以原因理论重构了合同的概念,这一传统为法国法系继受,使原因理论成为破译其合同概念及相关制度设计的密码;在德国,自然法理论、理性法学和历史法学结亲,以法律行为理论重组合同的要素,使其含义在历史上再一次发生根本性断裂;20世纪以后,制度的变迁又催生了新的合同说明模式。     

公司法的合同路径与公司法规则的正当性

新古典主义经济学的公司合同理论认为,公司是一组合约的联结,多方博弈的结果将创造出内生性合理秩序,不应强行加入外生性制度安排。然而,与普通合约迥然相异的是,公司合同是长期合同和关系合同,存在着诸多漏洞,仅靠合同法并不足以保障各方预期。作为公司合同的模本机制和漏洞补充机制,公司法补充而不是代替了公司参与方的合约安排。因而,立法者只有按照合同的规则和市场的路径来进行公司立法,公司法规则才能获得正当性。