中国古代契约主体资格的限制及其文化分析

中国古代契约主体资格的限制主要体现在对官员及其家人,以及对同居卑幼契约主体资格的限制等两方面。这种限制与吏治文化、家族一体观念等传统文化密不可分。同时,对契约主体资格的限制在一定程度上保障了中国古代契约自由与平等的实现。     

保险合同法定解除权的要素考察

作为一种授权性规范,保险合同法定解除权不仅是一种形成权,而且是保险人的抗辩权;作为一种利益失衡的矫正方式,保险合同法定解除权既是保险人的权利,又是对保险人的权利限制。从立法的指导思想看,保险合同法定解除权在投保方与保险方之间的"倾斜性"配置原则体现了对保险合同当事人利益平衡的理念。在行使规则方面,我国保险立法应当在解除权的行使相对人、行使方式、行使期间上予以细化。     

电子商务合同主体地位与法律关系研究——以淘宝网C2C交易模式为例

电子商务合同具有合同主体虚拟化、交易介质无纸化等特殊法律品格,对传统法律形成了一定冲击。淘宝网等网络服务提供者为作为合同当事人的经营者与消费者提供了电子媒介支持,成为C2C交易中不可或缺的第三方。淘宝网与经营者、消费者分别通过订立网络服务协议,形成服务关系,对因自身过错或违反法定义务造成的损失应当承担赔偿责任。     

The Stability Operations Industry: The Shared Responsibility of Compliance and Ethics

Abstract

Companies in the stability operations industry have been subjected to painstaking scrutiny while critics have ignored the value they bring to contingency operations and government clients. Moreover, the scope of the industry is often overlooked by critics who paint a picture of uncontrollable companies making ridiculous profits. In response, this article offers some insight on stability operations, contracting processes, pitfalls, and opportunities. The article then discusses some of the criticisms that surround the industry. These criticisms are often due to sensationalized reporting, and a significant problem is that reports on criminal activity such as fraud and abuse are exaggerated. In contrast, the far larger problem of waste due to poor client planning and oversight is glossed over. Finally, the article discusses industry self-policing efforts that have emerged to support the use of professional and compliant businesses in stability operations. Ultimately it is governmental regulatory enforcement and quality contracting practices that will do the most to marginalize unethical companies, reward better firms, and improve partnerships and success rates in stability operations globally.     

不动产一物二卖问题研究

对于不动产一物二卖,社会一般观念认为,出卖人失信背义,应保护第一买受人。学说与判例的主流观点则认为,第二买卖合同的效力并不因第一买卖合同的存在本身而受影响,若第二买受人先完成登记,即可取得标的物所有权。不动产的一物二卖应区分不同情形,产生出卖人交出其第二次出卖所获利益、第二买受人不能取得所有权以及出卖人与第二买受人承担侵权损害赔偿责任等法律效果。在这一背景下,当前学说与判例的主流观点殊值检讨与修正,以重回守信与公平的轨道。     

The Proposed ‘Common European Sales Law’: Legal Framework and the Agreement of the Parties

The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law (‘CESL’) seeks to create a European scheme of contract law available for parties to choose to govern cross‐border contracts for the sale of goods, supply of ‘digital content,’ and for the supply of related services. This article explains the background to the Proposal, sketches out the purposes and scope of the CESL, and considers and criticises its legal framework (and in particular its relationship with private international law) and the key requirement of the parties’ agreement. In the author's view, the CESL scheme remains an unconvincing basis for the achievement of its economic purposes and, as regards consumer contracts, puts too much reliance on the agreement of the consumer as a justification for the loss of their existing protection under EU private international law rules.     

房产商违反购房意向书时的责任承担——以请求权基础以及赔偿金额认定为视角

在房产商违反购房意向书、拒不与购房者签订商品房预售合同的案件中,请求权基础以及赔偿金额的认定是其中的两个审理难点。在确定请求权基础时,应当审查购房意向书是否实质上已经构成了商品房预售合同,并支持购房者直接依据作为预约的购房意向书追究房产商的违约责任;在认定赔偿金额时,应当采取酌定的方式,以讼争房产的增值额作为酌定起点,并根据房产商的举证情况酌减。     

船舶抵押合同若干法律问题研究

有的国家规定船舶抵押合同生效,船舶抵押权即可有效设立。而在有的国家,船舶抵押合同仅仅是双方的合意,并不产生设定船舶抵押权的法律后果。两种立法模式各有利弊。除基本内容以外,船舶抵押合同还应规定抵押船舶的保险、登记、转让、再抵押以及营运管理等内容。在我国,即使未采用书面形式,船舶抵押合同也是有效的,但无法创设船舶抵押权．、     

丢疗纠纷中违约责任和侵权责任的认定——医疗损害责任以医疗合同成立为前提

医疗纠纷包括医疗服务合同纠纷与医疗损害责任纠纷。医疗损害责任纠纷,是医疗机构为患者实施医疗行为后,患者有损害而产生的纠纷,它以医疗服务合同成立生效为前提,但我国《侵权责任法》对此并无明确规定。而主要以责任类型、因果关系等要件来认定医疗损害责任,这使法律适用者在司法实践中可能做出错误判断。文章通过一个急救案件,指出医疗纠纷中存在的法律问题,并进行分析,提出改善医患关系的举措。     

浅谈盗窃罪与诈骗罪的界限

盗窃罪与诈骗罪同属财产型犯罪,而目前司法实践中,出现了诸多掺杂有诈骗手段和窃取手段的复杂侵犯财产类案件,使司法部门在定罪与量刑上困难重重。盗窃罪与诈骗罪区分的关键在于对财物的处分行为。