论法律正义的成因和实现

法律正义的主要成因在于法需要有正义的进入 ,需要以正义作为一种基本的价值目标 ,以导引法和法治在其基本路向上达致比较理想的境况 ,使社会主体从法律秩序中获取正当利益。而法一经以正义为基本价值目标 ,其本身转化为法律正义 ,法的规格和精神品格便也因之而升华。正义是检视或评判法之良恶优劣的无以阙失的标准。正义之中包含大量具有普遍真理意义的规范。在法中摒弃或作贱正义 ,便会使法沦为恶法或劣法。正义观念是促进法的进步性变革的经常性力量。正义也是法之阙失的一个重要弥补力量。法律正义注重以富有理性的方式实现其价值 ,重建置富有理性的社会制度特别是社会资源配置制度 ,注重在权利义务分配机制、经济机会、社会生存和发展条件方面确立、维护并保障实行正义的制度。这是正义的主题 ,也是实现法律正义的主题。法治如若漠视以社会正义或分配正义为其精神中枢 ,就易于甚至必然会蜕变为精巧的 ,层次更高的专制暴政。实现法律正义价值 ,也需要注重形成和实施合乎理性的补偿制度和处罚制度。法律正义的实现 ,在中国与法治国家建设有着无可阻碍的关联 ,这种关联首先渊源于法和正义的天然联系。现代法治在很大程度上就是正义之治 ,就是以充分体现正义的良法美制所实行的治理     

物业管理相关问题再探析

《中华人民共和国物权法(草案)》第84条、第85条和第87条对物业管理作出了相应的规定。该草案与国务院令第379号公布的,并自2003年9月1日起施行的《物业管理条例》有所衔接,但却过于原则。鉴于《物业管理条例》实施两年多来,在物业管理权的性质、物业管理合同的归类及业主委员会的法律地位等问题上一直存有争议,人们期盼《物权法(草案)》能给予一个明确的说法。然而,就《物权法(草案)》的现行条款来看,仍然是不够明晰的,故进一步探讨物业管理的相关问题实属必要。     

现代刑事诉讼价值理念

随着我国法制建设的发展和法学研究的深入 ,法律价值已成为我国法学研究的热点。在法制系统由传统转向现代化的进程中 ,刑事诉讼总是率先成为法制系统现代化程度最高的一部分。而刑事诉讼价值理念也随之由传统的以维护安全为目的的犯罪控制的价值取向向犯罪控制和权利保障的双重价值目标发展 ,追求实体正义与程序公正的刑事诉讼的价值平衡 ,逐步形成了合法性优先的刑事诉讼模式的价值理念。     

Sensitivity to befallen injustice and reactions to unfair treatment in a laboratory situation

At Time 1, 171 students were administered questionnaires for measuring sensitivity to befallen injustice (SBI), trait anger, anger in, anger out, anger control, self-assertiveness, and attitudes toward principles of distributive justice (equality of chances, equity). Two months later (Time 2), 75 of these subjects were treated unfairly in a laboratory situation dealing with competition and achievement behavior. Two justice principles were violated: the equality of chances principle and the equity principle. Four weeks later (Time 3), 32 subjects evaluated the unfair treatment in retrospect. All three occasions were presented as independent studies with the subjects perceiving no connection between them. In line with our hypotheses, we found that immediate and delayed reactions to the unjust treatments depended to a considerable degree on SBI. For example, the combined score of the SBI questionnaire predicted, with a beta weight of .71, a combined rating of three experts who used various sources of objective information (e.g., tape-recorded interactions between subject and experimenter) to estimate the degree to which the subject displayed emotional, verbal, and behavioral resentment against the unfair treatment. At the same time, measures for other constructs (e.g., assertiveness, trait anger, anger expression), which can also be linked theoretically to the criteria, explained either none or a much smaller proportion of variance in reactions to unjust treatment.     

Procedural justice and ethical decision making

Procedural justice, in the form of voice and respectful treatment by supervisor, and ethical decision making are examined in this research. Ethical decision making is hypothesized to be a direct function of moral intent, as indicated by willingness to use moral criteria in decision making. Moral intent is, in turn, expected to be a function of the decision-making context, including perceptions of voice, respect and trust between supervisor and subordinate, and moral climate. Individual moral development is also expected to have a positive effect on moral intent. Results generally support the model, with two exceptions. First, perception of voice has a negative effect on moral intent, while caring climate and respectful supervisory relations have the expected positive effect on moral intent. These results suggest either a compensatory model of ethical decision making or a complacency effect. Second, individual characteristics had very little effect on either the decision made or the level of moral intent developed, save for one decision. These results suggest an important overlooked variable, the salience of issues for procedural justice concerns.     

Distributive justice: Theory and research

The concept of distributive justice and the theoretical and empirical work conducted on it during the past two decades are examined. Three questions provide the structure for this examination: (i) What are fundamental conceptual dimensions of distributive justice and the specific substantive issues to which they are related? (ii) What central questions has recent work on distributive justice addressed? and (iii) What are the most important emerging issues on which work in the near-term future should focus? Much of the theory and research examined in the paper is social psychological in nature, but reference is made to related work in related disciplines, particularly sociology and philosophy.     

试论合同的附随义务

附随义务是随着诚实信用原则的兴起而产生的一种合同义务 ,对于保护和平衡合同当事人双方的利益 ,实现契约正义 ,发挥着重要的作用。附随义务分为缔约过程中、履约过程中和合同履行完毕后的附随义务。我国对附随义务的规定过于简略 ,应从立法上进一步明确附随义务的各种形态 ,提高附随义务的法律效力 ,明确违反附随义务的责任形式及归责原则。     

论对公安机关刑事侦查行为的司法控制

公安刑事侦查行为不受法院司法审查的制度存在两个弊端:一是人民检察院监督不力,二是刑事侦查行为与行政行为的界限模糊,为公安机关逃避司法审查提供借口。要从根本上解决这个问题,应当在刑事侦查行为中引入司法审查制度,人民法院的司法审查应全面体现在侦查活动的整个过程中。     

略论宪法司法化

本文对宪法司法化的内涵做了深入分析,对其存在的必要性加以论述,立足于中国宪法司法化的现状,从中找出原因,并针对其中的问题提出一些尝试性的解决思路,以期能在中国尽早实现宪法司法化。     

合同诈骗罪与串通投标罪的比较研究

本文通过对合同诈骗罪和串通投标罪的法律特征及理论与实践中如何界定二者做了深入的研讨,其旨为刑事司法界处理此类案件时做到客观、公正,以保障社会主义市场经济健康有序的发展。