中国宪法文本上“农民”条款的规范分析——以农民报考国家公务员权利为例

限制农民报考国家公务员的现象,目前在全国的部分地方依然存在,这不仅影响国家宪法秩序的稳定与统一,而且剥夺和限制了农民群体参加国家管理、担任国家公职的权利。本文从宪法解释学的角度分析了宪法文本上“农民”的涵义及农民报考公务员权利的性质,提出了以宪法为基础建立保障农民基本权利体系的设想。     

The European airline industry: law and economics of low cost carriers

This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector. While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors.     

论性的私法调整

私法对性保护的缺失导致对性权利保护的不足,性权利本质上是私权,私法应该对性权利加以调整并创设性人格权.性人格权由性自主权、生育权构成.创设了性人格权后,可以解决实践中许多问题如:婚内强奸问题、强奸后精神损害赔偿问题等.     

刑事诉讼视角下辩护权界说

在现代刑事诉讼中,被指控人的辩护权是一项贯穿始终的诉讼权利,主要表现为根据事实和法律提出和论证对被指控人有利的材料和理由,在实体上反驳指控,提出证明被指控人无罪、罪轻、应当减轻或免除其刑事责任的材料和意见,以及在程序上主张被指控人所拥有的合法的诉讼权利,防止其受到不公正的待遇和不应有的侵犯。但是由于司法理念和制度的弊端使得我国现实层面的辩护权呈现出与应然状态的脱节与偏离,因此,立足现状,改革与完善我国的刑事辩护权就显得尤为重要。     

论《合同法》中前后矛盾或自相矛盾的几个条款

1999年《合同法》的颁布不仅是合同法的重大发展,而且对中国民法典的制定具有促进作用。但《合同法》的某些条款存在前后矛盾或自相矛盾之处,主要包括:第10条、第36条关于书面形式的弹性规定之间的矛盾;第25条、第32条、第33条关于合同成立时间的规定之间的矛盾;第34条、第35条关于合同成立地点的规定之间的矛盾;第140条、第25条关于合同生效的规定之间的矛盾及第140条的内在矛盾。上述条款之间的前后不一致或内在矛盾需要通过司法解释或法律修订进一步完善,以减少当事人之间不必要的纠纷。     

宪法理解与宪政的建立和巩固——一种宪政经济学的视角

宪法之维系和宪政之建立与巩固,有赖于对宪法的复合式理解。宪法的内容构成、属性、层次以及宪政之建立与巩固过程,都是多元化的。宪政经济学视野下的契约宪法观、协作装置宪法观、惯例宪法观与自发生成的制度宪法观都把宪法简单化与单一化。要建立和巩固一个宪政体制,宪法的制定必须与某一共同体的惯例保持一致,同时,宪法必须具备稳定性、有效性、效率性。     

To block or not to block: European approaches to content regulation,and implications for freedom of expression

Based on the limited effectiveness of state laws, and lack of harmonization at international level a number of states started to introduce policies to block access to Internet content and websites deemed illegal which are situated outside their legal jurisdiction. However, blocking policies are not always subject to due process principles, decisions are not necessarily taken by the courts of law, and often administrative bodies or Internet hotlines run by the private sector decide which content or website should be subject to blocking. Therefore, increasingly, the compatibility of blocking action is questioned with regards to the fundamental right of freedom of expression. This article assesses significant developments at the pan-European level with regards to the development, and implementation of Internet content blocking policies. Adaptation of content blocking policies from certain member states of both the European Union and the Council of Europe will be used to assess the nature and implementation of access blocking policies. It will be argued that there could be a breach of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights if blocking measures or filtering tools are used at state level to silence politically motivated speech on the Internet.     

生命权的概念及其入宪的必要性和价值

生命权有广义和狭义之分,通常所说的生命权是指狭义上的生命权。生命权的基础性、不可逆转性和不可补偿性决定了生命权应当入宪,而生命权入宪则是对生命权基础性价值的确认和彰显,表达了对生命权的尊重,也将提高人们尊重生命权的意识,同时将进一步推动生命权保障机制的建立和完善。     

论附负担赠与合同的含义及效力——以我国首起助学合同纠纷案为例

我国首起助学合同纠纷案引起了媒体的广泛关注。法院对该案的判决存在诸多不能自圆其说甚至自相矛盾的地方,其主要原因是对我国《合同法》规定的附负担赠与合同的含义和效力没有真正把握。因此有必要详尽探讨附负担赠与合同的含义和效力,分析助学合同案的法律适用问题。     

论约定优于法定原则

约定优于法定是合同法的一项重要原则。但在市场经济发展的今天,尤其是在消费合同中,这一原则受到了挑战,完全遵守这一原则会形成合法不合理的情况。因此重新审视这一原则,适时地赋予约定优于法定原则新的内容,就显得十分必要了。文章在探究了约定优于法定原则之后提出在消费合同中应当推行约定有利的原则,以切实保护消费者的权益。