高铜对雏鸡器官组织病理损害的研究

将420只1日龄艾维茵健雏,随机分为7组,分别饲以含铜量11 mg/kg的基础日粮和含铜量分别为100、200、300、400、500和600 mg/kg的6种高铜日粮6周,研究高铜对雏鸡的病理损害。结果显示,日粮含铜100和200 mg/kg对雏鸡有促生长作用。日粮铜水平达300 mg/kg以上时,对雏鸡器官组织造成不同程度的病理损伤,表现为肌胃角质层增厚呈黄褐色；肝呈浅黄色或深褐色,肝细胞脂肪变性；消化道上皮细胞变性坏死；免疫器官和肾、心脏、胰腺、大脑等器官的实质细胞肿胀；淋巴免疫器官体积缩小,淋巴细胞数量减少。超微结构观察发现,肝细胞胞浆和胞核内见有数量不等、大小不一的高电子密度的沉积物；凋亡的淋巴细胞染色质呈花瓣样、半月形或环形,聚集在核膜下。表明,肝、消化道和免疫器官是高铜损害的主要靶器官。     

利用Photoshop比对检验断线钳的剪切痕迹的实验研究

以断线钳剪断φ12的铜棒获取断头坡状斜截面上的线痕为实验对象，介绍利用Photoshop比对检验断线钳剪切痕迹的技术。并就该技术与比较显微镜比对检验同类痕迹的技术进行比较，说明该技术的优点。     

A rapid wire-based sampling method for DNA profiling

Abstract: This paper reports the results of a commission to develop a field deployable rapid short tandem repeat (STR)‐based DNA profiling system to enable discrimination between tissues derived from a small number of individuals. Speed was achieved by truncation of sample preparation and field deployability by use of an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser^TM. Human blood and tissues were stabbed with heated stainless steel wire and the resulting sample dehydrated with isopropanol prior to direct addition to a PCR. Choice of a polymerase tolerant of tissue residues and cycles of amplification appropriate for the amount of template expected yielded useful profiles with a custom‐designed quintuplex primer set suitable for use with the Bioanalyser^TM. Samples stored on wires remained amplifiable for months, allowing their transportation unrefrigerated from remote locations to a laboratory for analysis using AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus^® without further processing. The field system meets the requirements for discrimination of samples from small sets and retains access to full STR profiling when required.     

Direct identification of various copper phthalocyanine pigments in automotive paints and paint smears by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry

Direct identification of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and chlorinated CuPcs in paints for discrimination between blue automobile paints by means of laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) in the absence of a matrix is reported. The models consisted of eight commercially available CuPc pigments applied to a piece of plain white coating paper. The relationship between the peak intensity at m/z 575 of the CuPc, the number of pulsed laser shots, and laser power was compared to optimize laser abrasion. LDMS analysis of the model paints demonstrated that all characteristic components of the CuPc pigments in the paint films were in good agreement with those in the powder pigments. Further, the chlorinated CuPcs in the paint films could be distinguished. A quantity of 42 blue paint films, representing the paints used for painting Japanese domestic trucks, was examined by LDMS analysis. Results indicate that the paints can be classified into four categories based on the chlorinated CuPc components of the paints. Therefore, LDMS spectra of CuPc pigments would be useful for the identification of paints in forensic investigations. Herein, we report the successful identification of the CuPcs in a paint smear on the frame of a bicycle damaged in a hit-and-run accident, using the LDMS spectra.     

6种现场常见断线钳加工特征的研究

目的研究不同品牌断线钳加工特征的差异性及痕迹反映与加工特征之间的关系。方法以6种现场常见断线钳为研究对象,首先观测断线钳的刃顶厚度、刃片咬合间隙、刃侧铣纹宽度和铣纹间距等参数,然后观测剪切断头痕迹的立顶高度、立顶厚度、刃侧铣纹印痕宽度和铣纹印痕间距等参数,并用SPSS统计软件进行处理。结果 6种品牌的断线钳加工特征存在差异,断头痕迹可以稳定地反映该差异。结论可利用断头痕迹特征推断断线钳种类。     

铜对肉鸡肝细胞线粒体膜通透性及呼吸的影响

为进一步了解铜对生物体的生物学效应,选用硫酸铜作为铜源,向即时分离的肉鸡肝细胞线粒体培养液内加入终浓度分别为5、10、20μmol/L的铜(以铜计),孵育10 min后,观察肝细胞线粒体膜通透性及呼吸的变化。结果显示,铜对线粒体膜通透性转换孔有较显著的影响,造成线粒体不同程度的肿胀,表现为线粒体悬液在540 nm处的吸光值下降,且铜浓度越高,吸光值下降越明显,在孵育6 min后3种浓度的吸光值下降百分比差异显著(P<0.05)。随着铜浓度的升高,线粒体呼吸逐渐减弱,RCR、P/O、OPR均显著降低(P<0.05),这些变化可能是微量元素铜对生物机体产生毒害作用的本质原因之一。     

高铜日粮对生长猪中脑和下丘脑中儿茶酚胺类含量的影响

选用断乳仔猪45头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,采用完全随机化设计进行生长试验,研究了不同添加水平(5、125、250mg/kg)的硫酸铜日粮对猪下丘脑及中脑儿茶酚胺类物质分泌的影响。结果,日粮中添加125mg/kg(P<0.01)、250mg/kg(P<0.05)硫酸铜均显著提高了中脑、下丘脑多巴胺含量,但是随着铜水平的提高,多巴胺含量呈下降趋势;中脑黑质去甲肾上腺素浓度在试验组与对照组之间有显著差异,并且随着铜浓度的提高有升高趋势。据此推断,高剂量铜可能通过调节中枢儿茶酚胺代谢,促进生长激素的分泌进而促进动物生长。     

铜导线一次和二次短路熔痕的显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱特征研究

目的 为了判定火灾发生的原因,依据激光拉曼光谱(RMS)能够反映出经过不同高温热处理炭材料的石墨化程度,以此来探索电气短路判定的技术依据.方法 利用显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪对火灾中不同环境下生成的铜导线短路熔痕表面碳痕斑进行检测分析,利用碳痕斑两个拉曼特征位移峰的比值,计算不同短路熔痕表面碳化斑的石墨化度.结果 铜导线的一次短路、二次短路和火烧熔痕上残留碳斑石墨化度不同,一次短路熔珠碳痕的石墨化度R值最小,火烧熔痕的石墨化度R值最大.结论 该研究建立了显微激光拉曼光谱法无损检测分析铜导线短路熔痕的新方法.     

Fatal Electrocution by a Support Metal Wire

Abstract: Electrocution is not an uncommon cause of death. A case of fatal electrocution by a metal wire that was used as a support for the insulated television cable wire is reported. Electric current flowed through the metal wire when it touched the residential power line. Electrical injury caused because of contact with the live metal wire is described with histopathological findings. This case reports the circumstances that led to accidental fatal electrocution in an outdoor setting during the rainy season. Significance of death scene investigation to confirm the cause and manner of death in cases of fatal electrocution is highlighted. Public awareness programs to lay emphasis on electrical safety in domestic environment need to be introduced to prevent fatalities resulting from ignorance and/or negligence.     

钢丝表面线性痕迹的形成及检验

本文简要探讨了钢丝表面线性痕迹的形成机理、特定性、出现率以及相关痕迹的综合利用等问题.用案例说明钢丝表面线性痕迹检验鉴定的可行性和利用价值.