土地储备库里的权利辨

土地储备库里存有国有土地所有权,但无建设用地使用权,更无宅基地使用权、土地承包经营权以及地役权,也不应该有债权性质的土地权利。该国有土地所有权并不归属于土地储备机构,而归国家享有。     

评析《公司法》第72条——从股东同意权、优先购买权和异议股东购买义务关系的角度

近《公司法》第72条对有限责任公司股权的对外转让做出了规定,设计了股东同意权、优先购买权和异议股东购买义务3项制度,但是这3项制度之间存在功能的重叠。比较其他国家和地区的立法,或对股权对外转让采取自由主义原则,或只规定3项制度的1种或者2种。有必要对《公司法》第72条进行修改,单独规定股东优先购买权是比较好的方案。     

机遇与挑战：羁押必要性审查制度研究

羁押在我国并非属于一种独立的强制措施,而是专指有关机关对犯罪嫌疑人（被告人）在法庭确定其有罪之前暂时剥夺其人身自由的措施。2012年刑事诉讼法（修正案）构建了相对独立的羁押必要性审查制度,从羁押必要性审查制度的建构背景看,该制度是人权保障价值的重要体现,也是我国检察监督理论制度的创新发展。然而由于我国法治发展的阶段性特征,羁押必要性审查制度在实践中可能面临着社会秩序需求、司法效率价值等多种阻碍因素,对此应该予以重视,并应进一步改革和完善。     

把警察权力关进制度的笼子——以警察权力扩张引发涉警群体性事件为视角

警察权力是国家权力的重要组成部分,它来源于公民权利,又服务于公民权利,两者既相互依存,又须保持动态平衡.而近年来涉警群体性事件的频发,从深层原因来分析,主要是由于警察权力的盲目扩张、高度扩张,造成警察权力的滥用,严重侵犯了人民群众自身的利益,因此一定要把警察权力关进制度的笼子,防止其侵害公民权益.     

“假冒他人署名”的性质认定

对假冒他人署名的定性问题有＂署名权说＂,但该说忽视了著作权依作品的创作而产生的原理。基于被冒名者的姓名被他人擅自利用的事实,应认定冒名行为侵害了被冒名者的姓名权。假冒他人署名往往还会侵害权利人的名誉权,也可能构成不正当竞争行为。     

美英教师工薪个人所得税税收优惠启示及借鉴

实行教师工薪个人所得税税收优惠政策不仅有利于提高教师待遇,也有利于形成全社会尊师重教的良好氛围。美国和英国在20世纪90年代,结合综合所得税制,提出了一系列针对教师的具体减免税政策和费用扣除标准,从而使教师适用更低的税率或者获得更多的退税,这对改善和提高我国教师待遇提供了良好借鉴。鉴于美英两国政府的个人所得税税收优惠法规已经形成了较为完善的税法体制,因此通过借鉴美国与英国关于教师工薪个人所得税税收优惠政策先进经验,并在此基础上提出适合我国国情的针对性建议,可以为我国教育行业吸引更多优秀人才长期从教、终身从教创造积极条件。     

Forensic Epidemiologic and Biomechanical Analysis of a Pelvic Cavity Blowout Injury Associated with Ejection from a Personal Watercraft (Jet‐Ski)

Jet‐propelled personal watercraft (PWC) or jet‐skis have become increasingly popular. The means of propulsion of PWC, which is a jet of water forced out of small nozzle at the rear of the craft, combined with a high risk of falling off of the seat and into close proximity with the water jet stream, raise the potential for a unique type of injury mechanism. The most serious injuries associated with PWC falls are those that occur when the perineum passes in close proximity to the jet nozzle and the high‐pressure water stream enters the vaginal or rectal orifice. We describe the forensic investigation into a case of an anovaginal “blowout” injury in a passenger who was ejected from the rear seat position of a PWC and subsequently suffered life‐threatening injuries to the pelvic organs. The investigation included a biomechanical analysis of the injury mechanism, a summary of prior published reports of internal pelvic injuries resulting from PWC falls as well as other water sports and activities, and a comparison of the severity of the injuries resulting from differing mechanisms using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) NISS values for reported PWC injuries [not including the NISS of 38 in this case study] were 11.2 (±9.5), while the mean value for reported water‐skiing falls was half that of the PWC group at 5.6 (±5.2). It was concluded that the analyzed injuries were unique to a PWC ejection versus other previously described non‐PWC‐associated water sport injuries. It is recommended that PWC manufacturers help consumers understand the potential risks to passengers with highly visible warnings and reduce injury risk with revised seat design, and/or passenger seat “deadman” switches.     

El libre acceso a la información,las innovaciones tecnológicas y la publicidad de los actos Procesales

This paper raises questions about the Brazilian legal system, which takes to an extreme the constitutional principle (the Publicity Principle) requiring publication of legal cases, and is unable to properly distinguish between the need to publish judicial decisions, and the publication of documents and texts produced by the parties, thus endangering the protection of personal data, and representing a possible security risk to the State and society as a whole.     

论自愿戒毒:法规范、定位与制度创新

《戒毒条例》将自愿戒毒单独列为一章,使其成为我国的一项基本戒毒制度。但关于自愿戒毒,《戒毒条例》并不是简单地对《禁毒法》的相应规定进行细化,而是存在着严重的规范并用和冲突现象。只有对我国自愿戒毒的法律定位予以科学把握,才能发现和解决其在制度设计的相应问题。要从自愿戒毒的基本立场,即保护戒毒者的权利出发,推动我国自愿戒毒工作的开展,就必须进行相应的制度创新。一是将自愿戒毒作为首选性戒毒制度;二是加强戒毒医疗机构建设;三是推进戒毒药物维持治疗。     

Measuring error for adjacent policy position estimates: Dealing with uncertainty using CMP data

Careful users of CMP party position data should take the uncertainty of position estimates into account. We compare and evaluate two current approaches that provide error estimates for party positions. Researchers of the CMP group identify measurement error in quantitative content analysis as the cause of uncertainty about position estimates, whereas a second approach by Benoit et al. (2009) attributes the uncertainty of position estimates to a stochastic generation of election programs. We illustrate the commonalities and differences of these approaches and provide two empirical applications, the identification of the left–right order of parties and of policy shifts by parties, using CMP data for 25 countries. Despite conceptual differences, results in these applications are surprisingly similar.