Schumpeter's economic theory and the dynamic accounting view of the firm: neglected pages from the Theory of Economic Development

Abstract

The first English translation of some of Schumpeter's (1926) pages of the Theory of Economic Development is presented. These neglected pages are remarkable because they significantly add to Schumpeter's masterpiece on a number of issues concerned with accounting, law and economics of the firm. They show that Schumpeter considered understanding the firm, together with innovation, as important scientific problems. Schumpeter doubts the explanatory value of proprietary entrepreneurship and provides an early justification of the dynamic entity view of business activity generated by the firm as a becoming concern. He discusses its implications for understanding issues of economic organization and corporate governance, and suggests some theoretical insights concerning business capital and money under conditions of real dynamics and complexity. The doors opened by Schumpeter indicate that money and accounting are fundamentally coupled as complementary institutions in framing and shaping the economic and monetary process of the firm as an enterprise entity.     

法人与公司制度融合风险的法律控制——兼论实现国家公司公益性的法人制度支持

现代民法上的法人制度包含了为公司制度发展量身定做的"完人化"标准。公司制度借与法人制度融合获得了广义财产与基本权利,扭转了公司在传统社会组织身份格局中的不利地位,形成了对其他企业类型的制度竞争优势,但也带来巨大风险:公司异化为新身份格局中的"公司帝国"。法人制度在我国具有主要服务国有企业改革的功能狭隘性,加之官商传统潜移默化,产生了更为复杂的"官商公司帝国",妨碍了国有企业实现公共利益。针对性地而言,应祛除法人制度的极端功利主义成分,重建国有企业承载公共利益的法人制度支持。     

吉林省民营企业融资难的法律思考

民营经济在我国国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。但当前,制约民营经济发展的主要原因是融资问题。吉林省民营经济融资难不仅有金融体系的缺欠问题,也有民营企业自身的诚信问题,更有法律法规政策等大环境的因素。因此,解决吉林省民营经济融资难的问题是一个系统工程,政府、金融机构、民营企业都应积极创新融资理念,拓宽融资渠道,充分发挥律师在解决吉林省民营企业融资难问题中的作用。     

Boosting or Hindering Aid Effectiveness? An Assessment of Systems for Measuring Donor Agency Results

Amid rising criticism of aid effectiveness coupled with tight budgets in many donor countries at a time of economic crisis, donor agencies are under pressure to deliver value for money and to demonstrate development results. In response to these pressures, more and more donor agencies are adopting standard indicators, which allow for results to be aggregated across interventions and countries, in order to report agency‐wide results. This article analyses the reporting practices of eleven bilateral and multilateral donor agencies and assesses the implications of agency‐wide results measurement systems for aid effectiveness. The analysis shows that the data on aggregate results provided by donor agencies is only of limited informational value and does not provide an adequate basis for holding donor agencies to account. Moreover, reporting on agency‐wide results may have a number of adverse effects. Given the various limitations and risks identified in this article, I suggest that donor agencies should explore complementary options or alternatives to standard indicators in order to meet their reporting requirements. Donor agencies are advised to invest more in rigorous impact evaluations and to raise the transparency of individual interventions. © 2016 The Authors. Public Administration and Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

The Effect of Corporate Governance on Corporate Performance in the Financial Industry in Nigeria

The business environment in which the financial industry operates is full of uncertainty and limitations. The inability of some firms in this sector to produce capable management that can guide the interests of shareholders in the light of ethics and values has generated frequent cases of business downturn. This has compelled the industry to adopt the strategy of corporate governance which hinges on the intellectual honesty of directors and management to promote transparency, equity, and accountability, and provide leadership that will guide the industry in the right direction. The major objective of this paper is to ascertain whether corporate governance is a strategy for corporate performance. The study made use of both primary and secondary sources of data. The survey research method and the data analysis techniques comprised of simple percentages and chi-square derived from Kendal coefficient. It discovered that corporate governance is a strategy for corporate performance and the financial sector has failed to improve their performance using this strategy. It was recommended that the regulatory agencies should constantly review the acts that ensure good corporate governance and embark on constant monitoring in order to sanction any defaulting bank.     

公司社会责任相关问题再探究

近些年来,学者们从不同的学科背景出发,就公司社会责任问题做了大量研究工作,研究成果颇多。但不容回避的是,公司社会责任基本问题仍是极富争议的问题。学者们在公司社会责任的范畴、定位、对象等问题上见仁见智,尚未达成共识。而实践中,公司社会责任缺失愈演愈烈的现状,迫切需要在公司社会责任基本问题上统一认识,以便为公司社会责任的履行提供强有力的理论指引。公司社会责任基本问题有着进一步探讨的空间和价值。     

从国美内战看家族企业的转型与发展

国美控制权之争反映了中国家族企业转型上市后遭遇到的普遍问题。它涉及到职业经理人的聘用和家族企业创始人的保护等公司治理结构的诸多方面。另外,双方能在既定的规则下博弈也反映了社会与法治的进步,从此意义上说,制度的完善和规则的遵守构成了家族企业成功转型的保障。     

“公司社会责任”之涅槃

2005年《公司法》第5条开宗明义让＂公司承担社会责任＂。＂公司社会责任＂之精神实质或灵魂是让公司或董事等高管在负有对股东受任义务之同时可以积极为其他利害关系人谋利。关于＂公司社会责任＂之性质虽有多种学说,其不外乎＂责任或义务＂,但均未能解决＂公司社会责任＂理论与实践相脱节之问题,其根本原因在于＂公司社会责任＂实已灵魂...     

企业社会责任视角下的食品安全法律对策研究

食品安全问题产生的主要原因是食品企业缺乏社会责任,强化食品企业在食品安全上的社会责任是解决食品安全问题的基础和关键。食品企业作为食品安全第一责任人,应承担起自身的社会责任。同时政府要在全社会倡导企业社会责任意识、完善立法、加强食品安全监管。     

Influence of eco-product innovation and firm reputation on corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage: A mediation-moderation analysis

Eco-product innovation is a response to environmental legislation and social responsibility movements. Established agricultural manufacturers must figure out how to use green ideas and reputation to compete for business excellence. This study adopted a knowledge-based approach to examine corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. This study also examined how eco-product innovation and reputation affect firms' competitive advantage. The proposed model was tested on 427 Nigerian agro-allied manufacturers using causal pathways and structural equation modeling. Business competition is directly and indirectly affected by corporate social responsibility, eco-product innovations, and firm reputation. Additionally, eco-product innovation partially mediated the nexus between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, while reputation moderated the influence of eco-product innovation. The findings suggest that manufacturers pursuing green initiatives should strive to participate in an eco-friendly competition and deal with policy pressures in order to meet environmental standards. Overall, this study adds the environment and business competition to the idea of innovation.