集体谈判中工人代表的行为偏好分析与激励机制建构

在劳动关系领域,集体谈判被认为是维护劳工权益的有效制度.但中国的经验表明,集体谈判制度的有效性并未得到工人,特别是基层工人的充分肯定.之所以出现这一问题,是因为工人代表在集体谈判中的行为偏好及其与之耦合的激励机制缺位所致.因此,关注工人代表在集体谈判中的行为偏好并建立与之一致的激励机制,是提升中国集体谈判制度效果的现实选择,也是维护工人权益,促进劳资和谐乃至社会和谐的重要之举.     

证券侵权诉讼中的代表人诉讼制度缺陷及完善途径

证券民事诉讼案件的特点,决定了证券民事诉讼宜使用群体诉讼方式,随着我国市场经济的逐步健全完善,证券侵权群体性纠纷案件的不断出现,我国证券侵权诉讼中的代表人诉讼制度的缺点突显,本文通过代表人诉讼制度与美国集团诉讼制度的比较,旨在建议对我国相关立法进行完善,吸纳美国集团诉讼制度的优势,完善我国证券群体诉讼制度。     

董事会委员会与公司治理

董事会承担公司的重大决策和监督经理层的角色,但董事会作为会议体机关存在缺陷。董事会委员会的设立可以弥补董事会的缺陷,并有利于独立董事发挥作用。委员会的产生和权力的立法模式不同,美国的模式值得借鉴。典型的董事会委员会包括提名、薪酬和审计委员会,他们在实践中发挥重要作用。我国应当将委员会纳入公司法中,同时委员会制度以及公司治理的完善需要公司法和其他法律、证券交易所规则、公司治理准则、公司章程的协同努力。     

Democratic authority to geoengineer

ABSTRACT

Does any existing single actor have, or could any existing single actor come to have, the authority to geoengineer? In this paper, I will focus on Solar Radiation Management strategies (leaving at least some Carbon Dioxide Removal strategies on the table). I’ll argue that global democratic authorization is possible in principle, and could be obtained on the basis of large-scale representative sampling. I present experimental findings from the Australian context showing that democratic authorization would not be granted, and conclude that if we can expect this result to generalize, then the deployment of SRM by a single actor is impermissible.     

单位适用认罪认罚从宽问题初探

当前我国认罪认罚从宽制度的适用对象主要是自然人,法律对于单位能否适用认罪认罚并未作出明确的规定。然而,司法实践中已经出现一些被告单位要求适用认罪认罚的刑事案件。针对实践中出现的问题,从刑法与刑事诉讼法理论出发,明确单位适用认罪认罚从宽制度的正当性与合理性。同时,根据实践中制度适用存在的自愿性认定困难、程序设置缺失以及担心涉诉信访而限制制度适用等问题,从主体、程序、量刑建议和权利保障四方面提出单位适用认罪认罚从宽制度的完善建议。     

商标法第十五条的价值定位与适用规则研究

作为保护未注册商标、打击恶意抢注的重要条款,我国《商标法》第15条规制的是具有代理、代表等特定关系的商标抢注行为。从价值定位来看,其是商标法调整不同情形的抢注行为的重要一环,该定位决定了其适用范围应与其他条款相协调,从体系化的角度防止适用边界的重叠。从规范设计来看,第15条第1款和第2款分别调整不同的特定关系,分别具有着不同的适用要求与法律效力。从具体适用来看,争议较大的是对特定关系的认定、对在先使用的判断,一方面,实践中的特定关系往往牵连着复杂的关系链条,这需要对所涉及的关系进行实质性把握,另一方面,面对第15条可能沦为一些竞争者打击竞争对手的工具的现象,这需要审慎地对在先使用与在先权利的归属进行实质性判断。面对第15条在理解和适用上的模糊与争议,有必要回归其规范目的和价值定位予以体系化考虑,以正确界定其适用边界,合理把握其适用要件,恰当发挥其应有作用。     

Making Citizen Participation Work: The Challenging Search for New Forms of Local Democracy in The Netherlands

Governance theory shows that governments no longer operate as actors that take unilateral decisions but instead have to share power and influence with various other actors. There is also a large body of literature that shows a growing discontent with (local) democracy. These two trends lead various local governments to either reaffirm representative democracy, or to introduce elements of direct participatory democracy. In practice the combination of the two – representative and direct participatory democracy – can be problematic. This paper describes the experiences of Hoogeveen, a medium-sized municipality in the Netherlands with a far-reaching programme of direct participatory democracy. In Hoogeveen, local residents can decide on yearly budgets for their neighbourhood and become involved in the long-term planning of its development. The Hoogeveen case shows that direct participatory and representative democracy can be balanced with the help of (1) connecting arrangements, (2) professional connectors and (3) steady political support.     

Administrators as Deliberative Representatives: A Revised Public Service Role

We suggest a role for public administrators as deliberative representatives. The goal is to apply a re-conceptualization of representation within the context of public administration based on a literature review on the following concepts: 1) representative democracy, (2) representative bureaucracy, and (3) deliberative democracy. We find that dominant models of representative democracy are ill suited for ensuring the true interests of citizens and communities are met and that representative bureaucracy is not satisfactory to address the failings of representative democracy. Finding promise in deliberative democracy models, we consider how the re-conceptualization of representation for the administrative role might shape the advancement of public participation in order to enhance the quality of representation. Specifically, a fourth construction is defined to add to the list of three above: deliberative representation.     

我国公司环境法律责任制度的绿化:一个预防的视角

公司的环境法律责任包括民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任。当前,我国公司法律责任的设置存在根本性缺陷,即预防理念的缺失,主要表现在市场准入阶段公司设立的环境条件缺失、环境保护法律相关准入规定的缺陷、环境风险内控预防机制的空白、行政处罚手段的滞后性以及重大环境污染犯罪尚未"危险化"等。以预防理念全面"绿化"公司的环境法律责任,需要从如下方面加以努力:完善环境准入立法、建立以环境风险应对为中心的内部控制制度及责任体系、行政处罚方式的科学化、重大环境污染事故罪的"前置"及环境监管失职罪的修订。     

建构信任合作的府际关系：总体性治理根基

我国自上而下的政策执行模式导致政府间缺乏理解、信任、对话、互动。多元行政主体受制于科层制窠臼而难以建构合作机制,行政层级的位势差导致了中央及部委、地方政府及地方部门之间信任度较低。总体性治理尊重行政主体的个体独立性,破除信任危机和营造诚信原则方法,建构起多元县市、省市及作为行政主体的政府部门之间平等信任的伙伴关系;对府际关系的历史发展趋向予以引导,在共同的语境下将共识转换成多元主体皆可接受的符号,建构符合发展规律的自生自发秩序;立基于公义建构宪政秩序和法律规则,主动协调多元政府和社团间关系,破除行政层级的束缚,全方位实现政府层面的跨界相互依赖和社团层面的多元共治。