Games guards play: a self-report study of institutional deviance within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice

While most correctional officers adhere to the highest level of professionalism, some engage in institutional deviance during the course of their eight-hour shifts. In the present study, we administered 501 self-report questionnaires to correctional officers within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Respondents who reported that their supervisors were not supportive tended to admit to higher levels of institutional deviance than their peers, though peer support did not contribute to correctional officer deviance. Additionally, respondents who perceived their jobs to be less dangerous than other officers were more likely to have attitudes that were conducive to institutional deviance. Moreover, a perception of deviance among others also helped ‘normalize’ these acts in the prison setting and contributed to more favorable attitudes toward institutional deviance by correctional officers. Theory X and Theory Y is used to explain the lack of supervisory support that leads to institutional deviance among correctional officers. These findings have important policy implications toward reducing deviance among correctional officers, thereby making prison facilities safer and more secure.     

Supporting low-income homeowners: lessons from a program to coordinate weatherization and rehabilitation services

Homeownership is the primary way most families build wealth in this country. Low-income homeowners are less likely to get that benefit because they are more likely to own older houses that are more costly to operate and need more essential maintenance. Rapidly escalating home energy costs are straining the budgets of many low-income homeowners, increasing the likelihood of under maintenance and mortgage default. This paper presents an evaluation of a demonstration program designed to coordinate weatherization and rehabilitation programs in order to assist low-income households, decrease energy costs, and to improve the condition and value of their homes. The experience of 11 local non-profit organizations, funded to develop programs to coordinate weatherization and housing rehabilitation services, were studied over a five-year period. The results of the evaluation indicate that there are many obstacles to coordinating weatherization and rehabilitation programs, but that it can be accomplished under the right conditions. Major gaps exist between program eligibility thresholds and in the types of assistance available to low-income homeowners. Policy recommendations for facilitating coordination are presented.     

军队劳动教养性质辨析

分析军队劳动的教养的性质,应从多种视角分析国家劳动教养的性质,透析界定军队劳动教养性质所面临的理论冲突。基于军队劳动教养的军事治安处罚性、军内外部行政行为和军队制裁体系构成三个方面的因素,应将军队劳教的性质界定为一种军内外部行政行为的军纪处分。     

从监狱到社区——新加坡罪犯改造理论及实践介绍

如何改造罪犯,使其重返社会自食其力,是各国关心的一个重大问题。从1825年第一个简陋羁押场所到现在的功能齐全的樟宜监狱中心,新加坡监狱发生了巨大的变化。其罪犯改造理念也不断发展,监狱的职能由简单的关押、惩罚罪犯向帮助罪犯改造、重返社会转变,改造形式由封闭向半封闭及开放逐步过渡,社区在罪犯矫正中的作用不断得到强化。新加坡在罪犯改造方面的实践,特别是其以劳动技能培训、社区参与为核心实行的一系列具体措施及其执行方式能给予我国罪犯改造实践一些启发。     

Responding to Heinous Crime: Best Practices and the Current State of the Art

Heinous crimes involve offenses that are odious, shockingly cruel, and abhorrent. Victims, criminal justice professionals, and the public at large struggle in their efforts to respond to heinous crimes in ways that simultaneously protect the public, promote rehabilitation, provide an opportunity for retribution, and punish. Heinous crimes present a severe challenge in a democratic society that seeks to respond to unspeakable acts in a just, principled, and fair manner. This article examines the nature of heinous crimes, explores their etiology, and considers the merits of possible responses in light of current knowledge and “best practices.” The author presents a comprehensive typology of heinous crime, based on a qualitative analysis of 13,000 parole cases, and explores the appropriate role of retribution and revenge, punishment, rehabilitation, and restorative and reparative justice.     

Leisure Experience, Prison Culture, or Victimization? Sex Offenders Report on Prison Gambling

Opportunities for gambling in mainstream North American society have increased greatly over the past two decades. Despite the popularity of legalized gambling and attention it is receiving among social science researchers and economists, gambling within jails and prisons has been overlooked. This study utilized a semistructured interviewing procedure (Smith, 1995) to gain information about prison gambling from 11 sexual offenders on parole—all had spent significant time incarcerated. Qualitative analyses of responses suggest that offenders may gamble in various forms and for a variety of reasons, including a means of alleviating boredom, providing excitement and risk, and an opportunity to socialize. Prison gambling appears to be a complex phenomenon. A substantial amount of prison gambling seems to be associated with certain psychosocial benefits, while for a minority of cases there may be severe violence and victimization.     

良田建设：打造中国经济升级版的坚实基础

改革开放以来，高速的工业化城镇化进程中，大量优质耕地被占用，严重威胁国家粮食安全。推进良田建设、提升耕地质量，成为确保国家粮食安全和推动发展方式转型的必然要求，不仅关乎中国的农业现代化，也是打造中国经济升级版、推进新型城镇化的必由之路。该文以此角度切入，分析良田建设的重要性并提出相关政策建议。     

刍议暴力型未成年矫正对象的心理矫治

自从2003年我国开展社区矫正试点以来,这种新的行刑方式对于维护社会稳定与和谐发展发挥了非常重要的作用.作为一种特殊的被矫正群体,暴力型未成年矫正对象受家庭、学校、社会和自身因素的影响,针对由此产生的不同于未成年人的心理行为特点,提出相应的心理矫治对策,以提高社区矫正工作质量.     

罪犯不良改造情绪产生的主要因素及预防方式探析

人的情绪变化是人内在和外在因素综合作用的结果。罪犯不良改造情绪的产生是内外因素作用引起的。“服刑时间、时令变化、人际关系、重大变故”等因素是导致罪犯不良改造情绪产生的突出的共性因素，掌握这些因素，提前做好针对性地预防，将罪犯不良改造情绪扼杀在萌芽状态，是提高改造质量、防范狱内突发事件、打造平安监狱的重要举措。     

Maternal Filicide

ABSTRACT

Having identified that most violent crime is carried out by men, feminists have recently called attention to the need to also bring a feminist analysis to violent crimes committed by women. This research examines data drawn from coroners court files in Victoria, Australia for the period 1978 to 1991 to explore scenarios of maternal filicide. The data are reviewed in three groupings: murder-suicides, neonaticides and fatal assaults. The findings challenge assumptions that a unitary explanation is possible for these events, and thus for female homicide more generally. Representations of female homicide as predominantly emotional outbursts entailing a loss of control are not supported by the data. Further analysis of maternal filicide is needed which considers in more detail the ramifications of the construction of motherhood for the everyday lives of women.