Psychopathy Factors and Risk for Aggressive Behavior: A Test of the “Threatened Egotism” Hypothesis

The primary purpose of this study was to examine psychopathy within a model of aggressive behavior that encompasses narcissism and "threatened egoism." This model was advanced by Baumeister and his colleagues (e.g., R. F. Baumeister, L. Smart, & J. M. Boden, 1996; B. J. Bushman & R. F. Baumeister, 1998). We examined whether the threatened egotism model extends to the construct of psychopathy and whether the two factors underlying psychopathy exhibit different associations with aggression within this model. Self-report data, correctional officer and counselor reports, and disciplinary report information obtained for 98 male inmates provided partial evidence that psychopathic individuals tend to respond aggressively when confronted with an ego threat. Moreover, psychopathic individuals exhibited this pattern of aggression more strongly than did narcissistic individuals. These findings bear potentially useful implications for the understanding and treatment of aggression in forensic populations.     

The impact of program developers as evaluators on criminal recidivism: Results from meta-analyses of experimental and quasi-experimental research

Using meta-analysis, we report on an investigation of the evaluator's influence in the treatment setting on criminal recidivism outcomes. Many evaluators and users of evaluation of social interventions worry that mixing of the roles of program developer and program evaluator may bias results reported in intervention studies in a positive direction. We first review the results of prior investigations of this issue across 50 prior meta-analyses, finding 12 that tested the impact of investigator influence in the treatment setting. Eleven of these reported that effect size increased positively, sometimes substantially so, when evaluators were influential or involved in the treatment setting. We followed this with a meta-analysis of 300 randomized field trials in individually focused crime reduction, also finding intervention studies in which evaluators who were greatly influential in the treatment setting report consistently and substantially larger effect sizes than other types of evaluators. We discuss two major views — the ‘cynical’ and ‘high fidelity’ theories — on why this is consistently the case, and conclude with a further agenda for research.     

Restoration and Retribution: How Including Retributive Components Affects the Acceptability of Restorative Justice Procedures

Two studies investigated people’s perceptions of the acceptability of restorative justice procedures for handling crimes that differ in severity. Results from Study 1 supported our hypothesis that as crimes increase in seriousness, people require a restorative justice procedure that also has a possible retributive component (i.e. a prison sentence). Study 1 also demonstrated that individuals assigned lower prison sentences for offenders who successfully completed a restorative procedure as compared to a traditional court procedure. The results from Study 2 replicated those from Study 1, as well as demonstrating that offenders who failed to successfully complete the restorative procedure received no reduction in prison sentence. These findings suggest that in order for citizens to view a restorative justice procedure as an acceptable alternative to the traditional court system for serious crimes, the procedure must allow for the option of some retributive measures.

Deradicalisation,disengagement, rehabilitation and reintegration of violent extremists in conflict-affected contexts: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT

This article identifies, assesses and synthesises existing literature on deradicalisation, disengagement, rehabilitation and reintegration (DDRR) in conflict-affected states through a systematic literature review. While existing research has methodological shortcomings and determining the outcomes of DDRR programmes is challenging, 12 common themes surfaced in the synthesis. According to the studies selected, varying experiences of the individuals in violent extremist organisations, including form of engagement, role in the organisation and experiences of insecurity and disillusion, may affect DDRR processes. Capacity and resource constrains may pose challenges to DDRR programming in conflict-affected contexts, but engaging former extremists, their families and communities at large mitigates the issues characteristic for conflict-affected contexts and contributes to wider peace-building objectives.     

试论日本少年院在少年矫正教育中的作用

日本少年院是对非行少年实施矫正教育的主要机构。少年院采取类型处遇、阶段处遇、长期和短期处遇等各种类型的矫正教育方法,并引进了心理面谈和考虑被害人感觉等特别措施,在对非行少年的矫正中起到了重要的作用。但少年院仍然存在局限与不足,还需要进一步改进。     

贵州“阳光工程”戒毒康复模式特点探析——以社会管理创新为视角

戒毒人员回归社会是一个世界性的难题,贵州以加强和创新社会管理为导向,对戒毒模式进行积极探索,创建了以"就业安置"为核心,以"阳光企业"为载体,集"生理脱毒、身心康复、就业安置、融入社会"四位一体的"阳光工程"戒毒康复模式。其突出特点是强化政府的主导作用,凸显责任型政府形象;切实解决就业等实际问题,彰显服务型政府导向;注重社会力量的参与,创建开放型的管理模式。     

Limits of tolerance under pressure: a case study of Dutch terrorist detention policy

Policy-makers who are confronted with the potential spread of violent extremist ideologies among prison inmates are challenged to design sustainable prison regimes which are suitable to counter prison radicalisation whilst rehabilitating and reintegrating inmates into society. This article outlines a theoretical framework that explains how uncertainty and pressure in the policy-making context heightens the need for structure that induces a shift towards intolerance and stereotypic black-and-white thinking, which leads to the introduction of unbalanced, one-sided prison regimes. We argue that in the long run, these prison regimes are likely to be self-undermining and unsustainable because they undermine long-term security objectives and cause undesired side effects. These propositions are illustrated by an in-depth case study of the Dutch terrorist detention policy.     

本体与属性:改造刑的向度

改造刑作为中国60多年的刑罚执行的经验性本体,既在功能又在目的意义上成立,与矫正刑在哲学基础、客体、目标及属性上都有不同。改造刑的哲学基础为人是可以改造的认识论,改造的客体为罪犯的违法犯罪意识、心理、行为及思想,改造的目标应定位于使罪犯顺利重返社会,改造的属性为监狱次生机能。     

完善我国社区矫正制度的思考

社区矫正是世界各国广泛使用的一种行刑方式。我国发达地区正面临着监狱爆满、司法不堪重负、再犯率高等严峻的问题,社区矫正不失为改变这一局面的良方。我国推行社区矫正有其可行性,但也存在多方面的问题,有待立法与制度上的改进。     

论强戒所和谐“警戒关系”之构建——以安徽省戒毒系统为视阈

强制隔离戒毒所(以下简称强戒所)的戒毒优势主要体现在,能给强戒人员提供了一个无毒环境,同时能采取各种措施帮助他们从生理、心理、意志等方面解除毒瘾。我国的强戒所由于转型期普遍较短,多数民警的执法思维和执法方式都还残留着管理劳教人员的痕迹。在强戒所,"警戒关系"是主导并制约戒治效果的一个重要因素。"警戒关系"不和谐,既是场所各类事故发生的导火线,也会严重影响到戒治工作的成效。因此,对转型后的强戒所而言,探索并构建和谐的"警戒关系"十分重要,也十分迫切。