Economic strain and perceptions of social cohesion in Europe: Does institutional trust matter?

The degree to which different social groups get along is a key indicator of the cohesiveness of a society. This study examines perceptions of social cohesion among Europeans and explains variations in those perceptions by considering the separate and combined effects of economic strain and institutional trust. Analyses were conducted with the 27 member countries of the EU based on the Eurobarometer 74.1 on poverty and social exclusion conducted in 2010. Results show that individuals living in households experiencing economic strain perceive social cohesion to be weaker than their less economically hard‐pressed counterparts. By contrast, individuals trusting their political institutions perceived there to be higher levels of cohesion. Furthermore, institutional trust substantially moderates the negative relationship between economic strain and perceptions of cohesion. These results are robust to various model specifications. Moreover, extending the analysis revealed that this moderating effect held when considering social relations between the poor and rich and between different racial and ethnic groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

罪犯间相互关系之隐显性分析研究

监狱管理矫正罪犯,不仅要关注个体罪犯的心理行为特征,更应关注了解罪犯相互之间的人际关系,才能更准确更有效地进行管理,更有目的地进行矫正。同时不仅要关注罪犯外在的显而易见的显性关系,更要对隐性的内在关系予以揭示、引导,确保犯人群体人际关系良性循环。     

首都危险物品安全管理工作研究——以建设世界城市为视角

在建设世界城市过程中,首都危险物品管理工作面临着严峻的反恐防暴形势,只有深刻剖析首都危险物品安全管理中出现的新情况、新问题,改进管理模式,完善并创新管理手段,建立健全危险物品管理机制,全面推进危险物品安全监管信息化、规范化建设,才能提升首都危险物品安全管理的总体水平,为世界城市建设提供良好的社会环境。     

Historical perspective and better regulatory governance: An agenda for institutional reform

Compared to economics, sociology, political science, and law, the discipline of history has had a limited role in the wide‐ranging efforts to reconsider strategies of regulatory governance, especially inside regulatory institutions. This article explores how more sustained historical perspective might improve regulatory decisionmaking. We first survey how a set of American regulatory agencies currently rely on historical research and analysis, whether for the purposes of public relations or as a means of supporting policymaking. We then consider how regulatory agencies might draw on history more self‐consciously, more strategically, and to greater effect. Three areas stand out in this regard – the use of history to improve understanding of institutional culture; reliance on historical analysis to test the empirical plausibility of conceptual models that make assumptions about the likelihood of potential economic outcomes; and integration of historical research methods into program and policy evaluation.     

Synthetic Performance Indicators for Residential Housing Agencies

Many public administrations produce and distribute public services through a number of similar local autonomous organizations, or institutions, operating in different parts of the territory assigned to them under a centralized authority. Examples of this are the public residential housing institutions, the institutions for waste disposal, health care institutions, and education institutions. The problem arises regarding the evaluation of the performance of these local organizations and institutions not in absolute but in relative terms, in order to determine what incentives or sanctions should be meted out to them. This study presents the methodological problems, the data analysis, and the initial results of the method adopted by the Lombardy Region to create a system of performance indicators that will permit an automatic ranking of the Residential Housing Agencies in Lombardy （ALER） according to their performance, based on information from their balance sheets. A performance index was devised by rationally combining the results of three different analyses： position analysis, ranking analysis, and scoring analysis. The results allowed the central administration to： （1） motivate the managers of the local units through a system of performance-based incentives; （2） aggregate poorly performing local units or outsource inefficient functions; and （3） create competition among local units and raise overall performance levels.     

网络诽谤罪的客观要件分析

网络诽谤行为一直以来备受关注,其不仅涉及到宪法权利的保护,还涉及到刑法法益的保护。为了准确的打击犯罪,平衡刑法的法益保护机能与自由保障机能,我们首先应当对诽谤、网络诽谤的概念及其外延进行深入研究阐述,其次应对网络诽谤的罪量标准进行定位和具体认定,从而在司法实践中正确地认识和对待网络诽谤罪。     

脱落毛发线粒体DNA HV1区序列测定的研究

目的　对脱落毛发线粒体DNAHV1区序列测定方法进行研究。方法　嵌合扩增结合末端荧光标记DNA测序。结果　对 2 0例脱落毛发进行分析获得了明确的测序结果 ,与来自同一个体的血液所测得的DNA序列进行比较 ,完全相同。结论　嵌合扩增在对脱落毛发进行线粒体DNA多变区序列分析中是一种有效的方法 ,在法医DNA检验中具有实用价值。     

柔嫩艾美球虫pEtK2抗原基因的克隆表达及其表达产物的抗原性分析

应用RT-PCR技术从纯化的柔嫩艾美球虫孢子化卵囊子孢子中克隆了pEtK2抗原基因,并进行了原核表达和抗原性分析,同时用MTT法检测了重组蛋白对球虫耐过鸡淋巴细胞的刺激效果。结果显示,克隆的pEtK2基因全长1464 bp,具有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码487个氨基酸,具有多个T细胞表位。重组蛋白诱导5 h后表达量最多,分子质量约55 ku,占菌体总蛋白的32%。纯化的重组蛋白能够刺激球虫耐过鸡T淋巴细胞增殖,可作为球虫基因工程疫苗或DNA疫苗的候选基因。     

Forensic determination of hair deposition time in crime scenes using electron paramagnetic resonance

Several types of biological samples, including hair strands, are found at crime scenes. Apart from the identification of the value and the contributor of the probative evidence, it is important to prove that the time of shedding of hair belonging to a suspect or victim matches the crime window. To this end, to estimate the ex vivo aging of hair, we evaluated time‐dependent changes in melanin‐derived free radicals in blond, brown, and black hairs by using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Hair strands aged under controlled conditions (humidity 40%, temperature 20–22°C, indirect light, with 12/12 hour of light/darkness cycles) showed a time‐dependent decay of melanin‐derived radicals. The half‐life of eumelanin‐derived radicals in hair under our experimental settings was estimated at 22 ± 2 days whereas that of pheomelanin was about 2 days suggesting better stabilization of unpaired electrons by eumelanin. Taken together, this study provides a reference for future forensic studies on determination of degradation of shed hair in a crime scene by following eumelanin radicals by utilizing the non‐invasive, non‐destructive, and highly specific EPR technique.     

GC/MS衍生化法检测血中4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺

目的建立人体全血中4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺的衍生化GC/MS分析方法。方法血液样品经去离子水稀释4倍,8000r/min高速离心20min后,加入Na H2PO4缓冲溶液(p H值为6.0)2m L,混匀。将上述混合液加入用甲醇、Na H2PO4缓冲溶液(p H值为6.0)活化的Bond Elut Centify?固相萃取柱后,依次采用1.0M乙酸溶液、去离子水、甲醇、二氯甲烷/异丙醇/氨水(78/20/2,V/V/V)混合洗脱液进行提取、分离、净化处理,40℃空气流下挥干,三氟乙酸酐衍生化,GC/MS检测4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺和4-苯基丁胺衍生物。采用标准品衍生化产物的标准质谱图定性分析,选择m/z 242(4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺)、m/z 91(4-苯基丁胺)作为定量离子进行定量分析。结果血液中4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺的最低检出限为6ng/m L,在0.02~10μg/m L浓度范围内,线性关系良好(=0.9993),日内精密度和日间精密度均小于10%,平均提取回收率约为69%。结论该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,适用于全血中4-溴-2,5-二甲氧基苯乙胺检测。