The effects of marital status and social isolation on adult male homicides in the United States: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study

With data from the 1979–1985 Longitudinal Mortality Study, we examine the effects of marital status and social isolation on adult male homicide (ICD-9 Codes E960-E978). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to a 1979–1981 population cohort of approximately 200,000 adult men and their mortality experiences were followed until 1984–1985. Multivariate hazards regression analysis showed that marital status and social isolation are associated with significantly higher risks of homicide victimization. Controlling for age and other socioeconomic covariates, single persons were 1.9 times, and divorced, separated or widowed persons were 1.7 times, more likely to die from homicide than married persons. Socially isolated persons were 1.6 times more likely to become homicide victims. Other adult males with increased risk of homicide victimization were African Americans and those who lived in the inner city.     

农村人居环境改善与妇女发展的关系思考--基于对河北农村妇女参与文明生态村建设的考察

本文认为,落后的农村人居环境是制约农民生活质量的改善和和持续发展的重要因素,而文明生态村建设为发挥农村妇女潜能,参与改善农村人居环境提供了很好的平台,她们既是积极的建设者,也是主要的受益者。但基层农村社会男性领导者对女性作用的忽视,在很大程度上限制了妇女潜能的发挥。因此,在改善妇女居住的生态环境的同时,更重要的是改善性别平等的人文社会环境。     

当代比丘尼生存状况研究--以陕西地区尼寺为考察重点

伴随着社会的发展,现代化设备的普及,当前许多尼寺已悄然改变了传统的清修方式,以更包容更积极的态势融入社会,比丘尼的生活方式和生活观念都发生了变化。以陕西地区尼寺为考察重点,利用收到的第一手口述资料,可全方位地对当前比丘尼生存状况包括经济状况、精神状态、健康状况、社会关系等方面进行考察,并展现当代比丘尼真实的生存状况。     

Legal reforms appropriate for cohabitants and LATs

Cohabitants and LATs (couples who “live apart together”) do not fit the traditional categories and rules of our family law system. This article describes what we know about both cohabitants and LATs in the U.S., compares the two institutions, and makes recommendations about legal reforms with respect to each. For cohabitants the reforms would assimilate cohabiting couples to marriage after the passage of time, based on the evidence of their economic interdependence and the probability that there are children in their households. As to LATs, the reforms proposed are limited to those that would support the caretaking functions LATs perform for each other, resulting in benefits to society as a whole.     

Poor communities as corporate stakeholders: A bottom-up research approach

Abstract

This article strives to provide an understanding of salient issues affecting the daily lives of participants from various developing communities in the country, and within the bigger picture, discuss some implications for organisations that affect or are affected by such communities. A key implication is that the process of constant connectivity and dialogue, including dissent, with communities as corporate stakeholders, may be more important in establishing trust and earning accountability, than the outcomes of well-planned corporate social responsibility campaigns. The study is based on qualitative research undertaken between 2006 and 2008 in 35 South African rural and township communities in Limpopo Province, North-West and Gauteng. A bottom-up research approach was proposed by the researchers, which, instead of evaluating the effects of corporate communication campaigns on communities, was to begin at a grassroots level with communities themselves, by exploring top-of-mind issues. From the findings it was apparent that a vicious cycle of extreme and endemic poverty was the focal area that occupied community members’ minds. This study provides a linkage between certain aspects of corporate social responsibility, normative stakeholder theory, strategic communication and stakeholder dialogue, in an attempt to provide organisations with guidelines to evaluate and respond to the challenges of poor communities, and offer a perspective on the way strategic communication with poor communities should take place.     

完善最低生活保障制度的路径选择

政府在低保政策的制定、低保对象的认定及低保对象的管理和服务等问题上发挥着至关重要的作用.随着最低生活保障制度实践的开展,低保责任主体的责任划分、相关职能部门自身能力建设以及各项制度的衔接等问题对政府的低保工作提出了挑战.为此,各级政府为完善最低生活保障制度做出了有益探索.     

Modernization theory and the Cold War

In this article the structural, political and intellectual context in which a specific discourse of development emerged is examined. In the context of the Cold War, the prolonged effort of American intellectuals in advising and attempting to redirect the process of development in India and its consequences for a particular version of modernization theory is analyzed. A general sociology of knowledge approach is deployed to examine the complex configuration of events that contributed to a specific discoursed that owes its intellectual lineage to the Comtean vision of social science.     

国际海底区域生物资源法律属性探析

国际海底区域生物资源具有极高的科研价值和商业价值,但作为晚近发现的资源,现有的国际法尚未对其法律属性做出明确规定。国际社会基于各自利益考量,形成了两种截然不同的主张。从各国的争议出发,分析公海自由原则和人类共同继承财产原则的历史发展和内容,并结合国际海底区域生物资源本身的特征,对该资源的法律属性进行论证,同时为中国如何应对该资源的开发提出建议,以期在该资源开发利用争夺战中,取得与中国地位相符的一席之地。     

空难概括死亡赔偿金性质及相关问题

空难事故中的概括性死亡赔偿金包括了被扶养人生活费、精神损害赔偿与单纯的 (狭义的)死亡赔偿等内容,应主要和优先用于被扶养人生活费之满足。在有剩余时依次作 为精神损害赔偿金与单纯死亡赔偿金,后者可作为遗产继承。     

制约与解释--生活场景对法律生命的考量

人与社会存在的固有事实与本来逻辑显示,内含秩序与正义两大终极价值的法律与人的生活场景紧密结合在一起.法律的存在也是一个过程,具有断裂的可能性.人的生活场景是由自然性的物质世界、社会性的物质世界、文化世界、关系世界构成的统一体,决定着法律的生成、运作与进化;法律也不断地解释着人的生活场景,法律的生命在解释的过程中体现出来.在此过程中,法律必须具有深厚的亲和力.