BADASSES: The Rise of Women in Criminal Justice

Little is known about the experiences and career trajectories of women working in the criminal justice field. Criminal justice, particularly law enforcement, has historically been largely a male-dominated career field. This study examines the experiences of 850 women working in the criminal justice field; in policing, courts, corrections, victim services, and academia. The present study collected data in 2017 and asked women working in the criminal justice field about their employment. Respondents said that they experienced a wide range of gender discrimination but did not see gender discrimination as a barrier to their success. The women identified personal and professional perseverance, strong mentorship, and family support as contributing factors to their success. Findings highlight the experience and challenges of women working at all levels and in all components of the criminal justice system and the journey of these women at a unique time in the history of criminal justice and evolution of women in the workplace. Implications for criminal justice, advice for current and aspiring women working in the field, and the nature of the experience for women in criminal justice are discussed.     

Criminal Court-Ordered Psychiatric Evaluations:Does Gender Play a Role?

This study examines potential gender differences among defendants referred by criminal courts for psychiatric evaluations by analyzing demographic, clinical, and criminal history variables and evaluation findings. This study offers a large sample size of 718 females, as well as 3,627 males. Bivariate logistic regression and heterogeneity analyses were utilized to assess potential differences. Females were older; diagnosed more with mood, anxiety, and borderline personality disorders; less likely to have prior felony convictions; and more likely to be in the community than jail at the time of the evaluation. In addition, when controlling for other factors, females were more likely to be evaluated as having a mental disease or defect, to need hospitalization pending trial, and to be incompetent to stand trial.     

Police Response to Intimate Partner Violence in Canada: Do Victim Characteristics Matter?

This study examines the role of sociodemographic factors and violence characteristics in influencing women's reporting behaviors and types of police intervention received in response to intimate partner violence (IPV) in Canada. A subset of female respondents to Canada's 1999 General Social Survey who experienced physical or sexual IPV by a male perpetrator and who had contact with the police as a result of the violence was used for this analysis (n = 383). Findings suggest significant racial, economic, and social variations in women's motivation for self-reporting violence to the police as well as in the types of law enforcement interventions administered by police in response to reports of IPV. Implications for policy development are examined.     

走私犯罪侦查启动程序研究

当前在走私犯罪侦查启动过程中,存在着到案措施难以落实、搜查功能难以发挥、案件经营难以开展、技侦手段难以运用等难点。究其原因就在于我国包括缉私侦查在内的侦查工作采用的是程序启动型模式,同时由于走私犯罪和缉私工作本身所具有的特点,使得缉私侦查启动工作更易陷入困境。为适应打击走私犯罪的需要,应当将程序启动型转为随机启动型侦查模式,同时对相关的配套措施予以完善。     

当代大学生犯罪心理形成原因的典型案例分析及预防——时代的宠儿抑或上帝的弃婴

复旦大学投毒案的发生,使大学生犯罪问题再一次引发了社会的广泛关注。从马加爵案、药家鑫案、清华朱令案以及最近的安医大情杀案可以看出,虽然犯罪类型和犯罪原因各不相同,但究其根本,均归于其生活环境和家庭教育。大学生犯罪心理的形成受其家庭环境、学校环境及生长的社会环境这些变量因素的影响,只有对症下药,分析并找出影响大学生犯罪心理形成的相关因素,才能有效预防和制止更多的大学生走向违法犯罪道路。     

论海峡两岸刑事司法互助之“罪赃移交”

《海峡两岸共同打击犯罪及司法互助协议》原则性规定两岸司法互助的“罪赃移交”事项。“罪赃移交”涉及打击跨海峡经济类犯罪之社会效果与法律效果,两岸司法当局正在尝试与寻求突破。借鉴国际刑事司法协助有关“追缴犯罪所得”之理念与制度,两岸可构建罪赃分享、通过民事诉讼直接追回财产、不经定罪的没收、承认与执行对岸刑事裁判中的没收、在特定犯罪中实行举证责任倒置规则等基本制度,为两岸“罪赃移交”实践清除法律与现实障碍。     

优秀传统文化介入罪犯教育改造分析

人们的思想意识、行为举止都在无意识中深受自己习得的文化的影响,都深深打上了相应的文化烙印。中国优秀传统文化蕴含着丰富人生哲理,对罪犯的人生观、价值观、思想道德观的重塑及提升大有裨益,对罪犯教育改造有很重要的运用价值。优秀传统文化介入罪犯教育改造不仅具备可行性,而且具有实务操作性。     

推定适用与刑罚的指向——兼析巨额财产来源不明罪的立法完善

刑事诉讼活动中,推定能够用以间接证明正常前提条件下应当存在的犯罪事实,但是必须严格限定其适用.刑罚是预防犯罪的有效手段和保障之一,因而司法实践中必须充分发挥其功能.通过二者的引申,可以认识到现行刑法有关巨额财产来源不明罪的立法缺陷,而且有必要从这两种意义上加以完善.     

试论刑法司法解释的发展趋势简

刑法只有经过解释,才能适用于司法实践活动中.具有我国特色的刑法司法解释作为刑法解释中的一种,从其诞生起一直备受争议.现行刑法明确规定罪刑法定原则,刑法司法解释存在就缺乏法律依据,违背罪刑法定原则的精神,更违背罪刑法定原则的出罪功能,其应该退出司法实践活动,取而代之的应为司法刑法解释.     

诈术的双重视角分析

在诈骗罪中,被害人之所以上当受骗,源于行为人使用了诈术。1诈术即欺瞒,表现为行为人与被害人之间的一个互动过程。对于诈术的判断,需要结合行为人、被害人两个维度进行分析。从行为人方面看行为人的行为是否具有危害性,从被害人角度看被害人是否需要刑法来保护。只有从这两个方面考察都能得出肯定结论的,才是诈术,才能成立诈骗罪。结合两个维度来判断是否成立诈术的方法,可以为区分诈骗犯罪行为与民事欺诈行为提供思路。