澳、美水权制度对构建我国水权制度的启示

本文通过对澳大利亚和美国水权制度的研究,引发了笔者对我国水权的界定、适用、取得、转让和价格等制度的思考,从而提出了水权应包括水物权和取水权,我国应建立区域性的水权制度,水权的取得包括分配取得和出让取得,组建水银行进行水权转让,水权价格包括出让价、转让价和水费等观点。     

物权变动理论对著作权转让的启示

著作权转让是著作权人利用其财产权的一种方式,由于我国著作权法关于著作权转让相关制度的缺失,导致著作权转让过程中重复转让的现象多次发生,严重影响了著作权转让中的交易安全和善意受让人的利益。在借鉴物权变动理论的基础上,应建立我国的著作权转让登记制度。     

助学贷款的风险转移：贷款证券化

助学贷款的总体规模与我国高等教育发展的需求不匹配,贷款风险逐步显现,银行进一步放贷积极性不高.来源于资产证券化的助学贷款证券化这一金融创新工具,可以有效分散和转移风险,提高银行资产的流动性和盈利性,从而使银行积极主动地开展助学贷款业务,协调借贷双方的矛盾.助学贷款证券化作为一个新的金融创新工具,由于尚存在着制度体系不匹配的障碍,在国内金融市场上尚未真正起步.我国资本市场基本具备助学贷款证券化的条件,从资产证券化的本质特征以及我国助学贷款的开展潜能、外部投资环境等因素来看,我国实行助学贷款证券化符合我国现阶段的国情,具有良好的发展前景.建议政府出台相应政策与之匹配,让这一金融创新成果在我国资本市场得到迅速有效的实施.     

谁在逼人民币升值

单纯的人民币升值不会解决全球贸易失衡问题。我国在进行金融制度改革时,应注意寻求最佳的政策组合,积极推进汇率市场化形成机制。     

透过技术转移规律看政府的职能定位

两地之间技术水平差距越大,技术转移的动因就越强。而现实中,技术又总是首先沿梯度最小的方向转移。技术转移和创新区域发展,客观上要求政府提供必要的服务,创造条件减小技术转移的梯度,促进技术转移的顺利进行。在当前实施创新型国家发展战略的背景下,政府更应以"仆人"的角色来履行其公共服务职能,不但要当创新的排头兵,还要做创新的导航员,更要做创新环境的营造者。     

一国外汇储备大量增加是否负有调整汇率的义务

汇率是调整国际收支的重要杠杆。从《IMF协定》第4条和《新决议》的相关规定来看,在汇率操纵、外部不稳定和汇率严重偏差造成一国国际收支出现大量盈余或赤字等情况下,该国和其它相关国家负有调整汇率以此调整国际收支的义务。但是仔细分析不难看出,这些规定概括模糊,缺乏可操作性,逆差国和顺差国之间的义务难以理清,且《新决议》中的多数指导原则缺乏法律拘束力。故当今西方声称人民币汇率导致了全球国际收支失衡,要求人民币不切实际地加速升值,是缺乏牢靠标准和依据的。我国应重视以上义务规定,同时用好这些规定,为人民币汇率改革提供法律保障。     

The failure to learn from others: Vertical fiscal imbalance,centralisation, and Australia's metropolitan knowledge deficit

This paper questions the routes to knowledge of metropolitan governance elsewhere in the world and then explains how and why these are rendered more difficult in Australia. The paper begins with the policy literature on the exchange of knowledge relevant to metropolitan governance. The paper next explains the constitutional and fiscal backdrop to metropolitan governance in Australia; the ‘unique’ role of state governments in the funding, planning, and management of cities, and the powers adopted by the federal government that are made possible by vertical fiscal imbalance and funding conditionality. The paper then explores horizontal knowledge exchange of metropolitan governance in the form of transnational municipal networks, corporations, international organisations, and consultants. The final section of the paper considers the thesis that were Australia's cities to function independently, as metropolitan governments, the potential for knowledge exchange would be optimised. Knowledge of smart city technologies is used for case study purposes.     

马克思对资本主义财富分配非正义的前提批判——基于《政治经济学批判(1857-1858年手稿)》的考察

马克思对资本主义财富分配非正义的前提批判是对前资本主义交换的批判,它体现在三个方面。其一,对可交换劳动能力的批判。劳动能力与劳动客观条件的分离使劳动者具有"自为性"和"为他性",是劳动与财富分离的首要条件。其二,对货币内在矛盾及其所有者"致富欲"的批判。货币通约一切使用价值的"质"与现实中始终是一定"量"之间的矛盾,表现为货币所有者的"致富欲",是财富增殖的根本动力。其三,对货币与劳动能力交换的批判。货币与劳动能力交换是劳动与财富分离的重要途径,也使象征资本主义正义的所有权、自由与平等走向自身反面。马克思基于历史与逻辑的双重视角,从前资本主义的交换中揭示了资本主义财富分配非正义的必然性。     

Migration from Bangladesh: Impulses,Risks and Exploitations

Migration and emigration from Bangladesh is a pervasive phenomenon. Historically, large-scale migration from the region constituting the present Bangladesh started after tea plantations were introduced to Assam by the British in the early 19th century. Gradually, the number of migrants from this region increased due to geographic location, climate change and poverty. Over the years, there has been a change in the gender pattern of migration, where the proportion of female migrants has increased significantly. These migrants play a significant role in the Bangladesh economy, as remittances constituted about 8.21% of gross domestic product in 2014. This article examines why, despite the many dangers that the migrants face, including violence in the host countries and exploitation by their ‘masters’, the number of migrants from Bangladesh continues to rise constantly.     

The resumption of Sino–Central Asian trade,c. 1983–94: confidence building and reform along a Cold War fault line

The resumption of trade across the Sino–Central Asian border in 1983 accompanied a gradual thaw in relations between China and the Soviet Union. This paper argues that: (1) Economic liberalization in China (alongside the Soviet Union) created a climate encouraging cross-border exchange. (2) Starting in 1983, improving relations between China and the Soviet Union permitted cross-border exchange in Central Asia; over the subsequent decade, trade volume served as a marker of bilateral relations. (3) Beginning in 1990, efforts by the Chinese leadership to accelerate reform in North-West China, coupled with the independence of Central Asian republics, led to a rapid increase in trade. Hence, the resumption of Sino–Central Asian trade was not grounded in meta-geographical projections – Silk Road, New Silk Road, Silk Road Economic Belt, Eurasian Continental Bridge – but determined by political and economic transitions in the two countries, accompanied by normalizing bilateral relations.