合同诈骗犯罪形成的原因及对策

合同诈骗犯罪形成有主客观两方面的原因。主观方面受害者放松警惕 ,管理混乱、制度不严 ,法律意识不强 ,缺乏市场经济知识 ,贪图私利损公利己 ,缺乏责任心是导致犯罪分子得逞的原因 ;客观方面法规不严、存在漏洞 ,打击不力等也助长了犯罪分子的嚣张气焰。对此 ,应采取加强内部管理、提高防范意识、完善法律法规、提高执法人员素质等措施对合同诈骗犯罪予以打击。     

法律分析国际融资中的赤道原则

赤道原则是由世界主要金融机构根据国际金融公司的政策和指南建立的、旨在管理与发展与项目融资有关的社会和环境问题的一套自愿性指南,现已发展成为国际银行业公认的国际惯例,不过,它作为惯例的生成特点与众不同。它的出现,将会使国际贷款协议的条款增加或做一些必要的修改,贷款人也可能会因此承担法律责任。赤道原则对我国的环境与社会法律的立法结构、程序法和实体法都有参考价值。     

民事习惯的动态法典化——民事习惯之司法导入机制研究

民事习惯的法典化表现为两种形态,即静态法典化与动态法典化。在这两种法典化形态中,动态法典化居于关键性地位。动态法典化是指建立一种司法的制度机制,将民事习惯经由司法判例导入到法的现实运作中来。实现民事习惯的动态法典化应主要包括五种机制,即民事习惯的司法确认、司法功能、司法构成、司法证明与司法监督。经由以上五种行之有效的将习惯导入司法的机制,可以永葆民法典的“青春活力”。     

刑事司法中的“习惯”问题研究

在刑事司法实践中,司法习惯是一种普遍的司法现象,法律理解和操作上的习惯成为司法职业者实际遵循的规则。正确的刑事司法习惯一般对司法活动具有稳定性、司法行为结果的可预见性、司法处理方式和结果的一致性、减轻司法负担等几方面功能。然而,在我国存在大量与法律冲突,或表面上合符法律的规定实质上违背了立法原意,或虽符合法理但法律又无相关规定的背离或超越法律的错误和瑕疵习惯。纠正错误或瑕疵习惯需要采取建立完善相应制度,培养和树立法治观念,创造条件改善刑事司法环境,形成职业法律家群体等措施。     

蒙古族向河南省的迁徙及其与汉族的融合——以河南省镇平县晁陂镇为例

镇平县晁陂镇是河南省蒙古族人口最多的地方,几百年前,蒙古族人从元大都迁至此与当地汉族人经过长期杂居。随着当地社会生产力的发展、经济文化水平的提高、社会交往的日益频繁和互相影响的加剧,历史上存在的文化、思想等方面的隔阂和恐惧逐渐被打破、消除,形成了多民族共居一处、融为一体的局面。     

论第三人撤销之诉制度--以对虚假诉讼的规制与案外人救济为出发点

第三人撤销之诉制度的设置目的是规制民事领域里的虚假诉讼现象,为权益受到侵害的案外人提供救济与保障。从法理上看,该制度在我国的确立有其正当性和必要性,引入该制度也是衡量生效裁判稳定与第三人权益救济的结果。但该制度在实践中却存在立法层面、制度自身设置、与其他救济途径的竞合以及与规制虚假诉讼的衔接等方面的问题。本文从价值选择与功能定位、程序顺位与实体基础以及程序设计与制度协调方面提出完善建议,试图为第三人撤销之诉制度的正确实施与功能发挥提供可能的思路。     

Using financial intelligence to target online fraud victimisation: applying a tertiary prevention perspective

Abstract

It is well established that policing in an online environment is fraught with challenges. To combat losses attributed to online fraud, Australia has seen the emergence of a victim-oriented approach, which uses financial intelligence to identify potential victims and deliberately intervenes through the sending of a letter. This approach predominantly targets victims of advance fee fraud and romance fraud who are sending money to West African countries. The current article presents three Australian case studies: Project Sunbird (West Australian Police and West Australian Department of Commerce); Operation Disrepair (South Australian Police); and the National Scams Disruption Project (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission). The article locates these cases within existing theory on crime prevention, using available data to document initial positive outcomes. Overall, this article supports the use of a victim-oriented tertiary approach to online fraud, and advocates its potential to reduce both repeat victimisation and the harm incurred through online fraud.     

Dating hot spot to fraud hot spot: Targeting the social characteristics of romance fraud victims in England and Wales

Research Summary

We found that romance fraud was rising year-on-year across every region in England and Wales, increasing 55% during the 3 years between October 2018 and October 2021. Fifty percent of all the romance fraud victims in the period resided in 17% of the places where romance fraud had occurred. A total of 439 locations (outward postcode areas) were identified as the “power few” in the first year of the data set. Of these 439 locations, 162 of them recurred in both of the following years, becoming chronic “hot spot” locations containing more than one in six of all reported romance fraud victims. The demography of victims in repeat locations differed considerably, but hot spots were more frequently predominantly populated by less affluent populations.

Policy Implications

We conclude that the current national one-size-fits-all fraud prevention approach may not be the most efficient or effective way to reach those victims who most require crime prevention advice. The National Fraud Intelligence Bureau, based in the City of London Police, could adopt a tailored approach to providing preventative information to local police forces based on the year-to-year patterns in crime and the associated intelligence provided by sociodemographic data sources such as Acorn.     

Case study: From embedded system analysis to embedded system based investigator tools

Since mid-2012, France and Germany have had to deal with a new form of payment card skimming. This fraud consists of adding a wireless embedded system into a point-of-sale payment terminal with the fraudulent goal of collecting payment card data and personal identification numbers (PIN).This case study details the strategy adopted to conduct the digital forensic examination of these skimmers. Advanced technologies and analyses were necessary to reveal the skimmed data and provide useful information to investigators for their cross-case analysis.To go further than a typical digital forensic examination, developments based on embedded systems were made to help investigators find compromised payment terminals and identify criminals.Finally, this case study provides possible reactive and proactive new roles for forensic experts in combating payment card fraud.     

论电信诈骗犯罪侦查中的现场取证——兼论电信诈骗犯罪侦查国际警务合作现场取证的要点

电信诈骗犯罪案件侦查中,由于犯罪嫌疑人人数众多、证据形式多样化且多为电子证据,特别是在跨国(境)联合侦查中,法律制度不同,侦查方法、技能、语言不同,现场取证活动往往面临较大困难。电信诈骗犯罪案件侦查的现场取证,首先应做好充分的准备工作,包括详细查明现场情况、加强跨国(境)联合侦查中双方的协商沟通、做好现场取证的物质准备;现场取证过程中,犯罪嫌疑人很可能逃跑或毁灭证据,侦查人员应采取措施控制现场及犯罪嫌疑人,同时,为确保证据的有效性,必须规范实施取证活动。