究五千年法制轨迹,集一百年学术大成——评张晋藩先生主编的《中国法制通史》(多卷本)

一部十卷本的煌煌巨著 ,不久前又获得了中国新闻出版的最高奖———中国图书奖 ,张晋藩先生主编的《中国法制通史》究五千年法制轨迹 ,集一百年学术大战。想用几千字来加以评论是困难的 ,但是 ,我还是想把我读这套书的体会贡献给同仁。     

地方蛋鸡群中A亚群禽白血病病毒的分离与全基因组序列分析

利用DF1细胞培养、ELISA和多聚酶链式反应(PCR)从地方蛋鸡群中分离并鉴定了1株A亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-A),命名为AH10。依据GenBank中已发表的序列分段扩增获得AH10株的全基因序列。序列对比分析发现,AH10株基因全长7 458 bp,其中gp85与国内另一蛋鸡A亚群SDAU09C3株同源性最高,氨基酸同源性达到96.5%。此外,AH10株在非编码区5′-LTR区域存在蛋鸡群A亚群禽白血病所共有的19个碱基的插入突变。研究结果进一步完善了我国地方蛋鸡群中禽白血病的流行病学信息。     

日本学界的《文明论概略》解读

福泽谕吉的《文明论概略》成书于明治八年(1875),该书言简意赅,极具包容性和思想张力,被视为了解日本近代文化必读的经典。日本学界百余年间见仁见智的评价、研究历史已经形成了一个复杂的知识谱系。综述学界的百年阅读史,探寻争论焦点背后潜藏的种种隐喻,可为我国学界的相关研究提供重要的学术参考。     

论国际形势对当前国内稳定的影响

冷战终结后,世界力量对比变化与中美复杂互动、全球化加速和经济危机交织、互联网发展及多元文化融合,使"中国特色"、"中国制造"、"中国声音"格外醒目,并在客观上导致我国国内政治、经济、社会各个层面的稳定面临着前所未有的新压力。     

Detection of genotype recycling fraud in U.S. immigrants

Abstract: Relationship testing laboratories provide genetic evidence to support or refute claims of kinship between U.S. citizen petitioners and potential immigrant beneficiaries. One female beneficiary presented a male amelogenin type and alleles at 15 autosomal loci that were identical to an alleged brother’s. Laboratory records showed that her alleged father had petitioned to have 15 children emigrate from Ghana. The petitioner’s 15 paternity indices exceeded 10⁵, but the children shared only four short tandem repeat (STR) profiles, suggesting fraudulent reuse of genotypes in this alleged pedigree (AP). To determine the extent of this “genotype recycling,” I examined the laboratory’s 555 APs from Ghana and 532 control APs from Nigeria. Seventeen Ghanaian APs (3.1%) but no Nigerian APs showed genotype recycling. Of 90 tested people in the 17 APs, 56 shared identical STR profiles with others in their AP. Of these 56 people, 10 were petitioners with unexpectedly high parentage indices. Seven of 56 had amelogenin types that disagreed with their declared genders. Database searches for identical multilocus genotypes in allegedly different people would best detect this fraud.     

Enzymatic detection of γ-hydroxybutyrate using aldo-keto reductase 7A2

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a prescribed medication as well as a drug of abuse. Its detection in various matrices for in-field forensic scientists remains a challenge. We have developed an assay that uses aldo-keto reductase 7A2 (AKR7A2) for the specific determination of GHB in various drinks. AKR7A2 was purified using Ni-affinity chromatography. The Michaelis-Menten constant for the GHB oxidation reaction was 10 mM, and the minimum detection limit was 4 mM. Ethanol was not a substrate for AKR7A2. In a coupled reaction with NADP(+), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, various beverages (orange juice, milk, soda, and numerous alcoholic drinks) containing GHB turned from blue to light yellow. In a second coupled reaction where diaphorase replaced PMS, the presence of GHB also caused the expected change of color in various beers.     

现代税制下的政府收益最大化:概念阐释

本文通过阐述公共产品的最优供给与政府总的净收益之间的联系来界定现代税制下的“政府收益最大化”,指出现代税制下的“政府收益最大化”是政府为了实现公共利益而优化公共产品供给的结果。“公共产品优化供给”的核心指标是纳税人提前支付了公共产品的生产成本后,在公共产品消费过程中不必二次付费。尽管这种“政府收益最大化”并非特定时空政府经济作为的描述,但是它所建立的规范性判断却可以为现代政府的财政决策提供参考或指导,从而有助于政府更好地服从于公共利益的安排。     

UPLC—MS／MS法测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC—MS／MS）法测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素含量的方法。方法样品经乙酸乙酯提取后,Ci8柱分离,以0．1％甲酸乙腈-0．1％甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,正离子-多反应离子监测模式（ESI＋-MRM）测定雪上一枝蒿甲素,定性定量离子对分别为344．3／58．0、344．3／91．0。结果雪上一枝蒿甲素在3．5～850ug／L-1。范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系（r=-0．9968）,检测限为0．1Iμg／L-1,日内、日间精密度均〈10％,低、中、高三个浓度下准确度（n=5）为97．2％-115．2％,回收率（n=5）为86．6％~89．4％。结论该方法操作简便,结果准确,可作为测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素含量的方法。     

A Systemic Fix

正China is accelerating the building of a society based on rule of law with unprecedented focus By li liWhen rule of law was first announced to be the primary topic for the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in July,the news thrilled many law professors."This is unprecedented,"Li Buyun,a legal