SOMATOTYPING,ANTIMODERNISM, AND THE PRODUCTION OF CRIMINOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE*

This study analyzes the work of William H. Sheldon, the psychologist, physician, and advocate of the study of body types. It investigates how he arrived at his much‐repeated finding that a correlation exists between mesomorphy (a stocky, muscular body build) and delinquency and how his ideas were validated and perpetuated. It reviews what Sheldon actually said about the causes of crime; identifies his goals in searching for a relationship between body shape and criminality; explains how he found audiences for his biological theory at a time when sociological approaches dominated criminology; and attempts to understand the current criminological ambivalence about the scientific status of Sheldon's work, despite its discreditation decades ago. I argue that the tripartite structure of Sheldon's thought attracted three different audiences–methodologists, social scientists, and supporters–and that it encouraged the supporters to fund his research without reference to the critiques of the social scientists. I also argue that somatotyping was part of a broader antimodernist reaction within international scientific communities against the dislocations of twentieth‐century life. To understand the origins, acceptance, and maintenance of criminological ideas, we need a historical perspective on figures of the past. Positivism may inform us about what is true and false, but we also need to know how truth and falsity have been constructed over time and how the ideas of earlier criminologists were shaped by their personal and social contexts.     

多种模式结合的体系结构在"刑事犯罪综合信息系统"的应用

刑事犯罪综合信息系统是一个建立在关系数据库平台上的大型综合信息系统,该系统将刑侦业务的三大要素,即案件、 人员、物品的信息采集处理与刑侦业务工作流程结合起来,满足刑侦系统信息采集、案情分析、辅助决策、数据统计、侦查破案的需 要。因此针时网络条件和用户应用水平的多样性,刑事犯罪综合信息系统应采取二层和三层应用体系结构相结合的设计模式。     

美国律师助理制度研究(上)--兼论对中国的启示

经过近50年的发展,律师助理已成为美国发展速度最快的行业之一.本文试从产生的制度背景、从业资格与工作内容等方面考察美国的律师助理制度,并兼论对中国的启示.     

东北亚“钢铁三强”一体化分析

钢铁产业从国家支柱产业逐渐转变为全球化商品产业,最重要的发展潮流应数大型化以及一体化。就东北亚地区而言,通过并购及一体化扩大钢铁产业的战略合作建立钢铁共同体比毫无进展的经济共同体(FTA)更具现实性,同时也有利于解决钢铁产业世界性产能过剩问题。基于全球化理论,从市场、政府、竞争和费用等因素对东北亚钢铁三强的分析表明,三大钢铁公司并购及一体化存在可能性并以浦项钢铁—宝山钢铁可能性最大。     

日常生活的悲剧与解救——论《红楼梦》的悲剧主题

<红楼梦>的悲剧是一种日常生活的悲剧.其悲剧的根源在于日常生活总是遵循一般行为图式的安排,从而与个体的生活欲求形成抵触.这一悲剧存在于各个时代的世情小说中,具有普世性,其结果是造成常人作为生活主体.<红楼梦>展示了这种悲剧,同时为悲剧的解除提供了解答.这一解答对于今天现代化进程中的日常生活审美重建,仍然具有积极的启发意义.     

论作为高层次伦理规范的正义

正义是古往今来人们所憧憬所讴歌的景状 ,从柏拉图到罗尔斯 ,西方学人叙说了数不清的关于正义的见解 ,既贡献了种种经典性论说 ,也使正义成为一张普洛透斯似的脸。正义实际上不是虚玄的事物 ,它也像法和道德一样 ,是为社会生活提供标准和指明方向的规范 ,不过不是普通的规范 ,而是高层次伦理规范。正义对主体的精神和行为都予以调整。正义不取文本形式 ,不是明文记载的制度 ,而是以观念化的形态存在于人的头脑、心灵、社会舆论和历史文化的积淀之中。正义是人们无法捧读的 ,但它却像时间一样 ,时刻就在我们身边。正义是伦理规范体系中规格和境界最高的规范 ,它以一系列美德或善为其基本内容。正义要求个人具备公平、公正、公道、正直、合理的美德 ,要求国家和社会体现自由、平等、安全这一类善 ,而法如果与正义结合便成为良法。正义的强制力比法更深刻 ,它以理性为强制力量 ,不以国家强力和法定程序保障其实现。正义的触角或统辖范围远远大于法的范围 ,它是关涉领域最广、时空跨度最大、尤具普适性的社会规范。在迄今衍生的形形色色正义理论中 ,亚里士多德和罗尔斯的学说 ,影响尤为深远。正义具有绝对和相对两重性 ,是绝对和相对的统合 ;具有主观和客观两重性 ,是主观和客观的统合。正义是以具体的形式     

circRNA的研究进展及其法医学意义

RNA在法医学领域中越来越受到重视,发展以RNA为基础的新生物标记在复杂案例分析中具有重要的意义。环形RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是最近被广泛报道的一类非编码RNA,虽然其生成和表达调节机制目前尚未完全清楚,但现有的研究表明circRNA具有重要的生物学功能。circRNA具有细胞表达特异性,稳定性好且表达丰富等特点,使其在法医学应用中具有潜在意义。本文对circRNA的研究历程及生成调节机制、生物学属性及其生物学功能进行总结,希望能为相关研究和法医学应用提供参考。     

美国纠纷解决的体制机制及其借鉴意义

美国纠纷解决体制机制具有几个突出特点:机构设置较健全;行政机关是解决纠纷的重要渠道;调解是解决纠纷的主要方式;程序规范工作人员廉洁自律。我们应当借鉴美国经验,完善纠纷解决体制机制,健全我国的行政调解,加强行政程序制度建设,完善公务员、事业单位人事争议解决的法律规定、体制和机制。     

“Dynamite bombs of New York manufacture”: the terrorist perspective in the Stevensons,Greer and James

This article examines the first three literary reactions to Fenian terrorism: Robert Louis Stevenson and Fanny van de Grift Stevenson’s co-written novel, The Dynamiter (1885); Tom Greer’s A Modern Daedalus (1885) and Henry James’ The Princess Casamassima (1886). Although these works approach terrorism from different angles, they set the pattern for subsequent treatments that will “give primary voice to the perspective of the terrorist”. “Zero”, the hapless bomb-makers in The Dynamiter, is a surprisingly urbane, sympathetic figure; Greer illustrates both the necessity and the moral quandaries of terrorism and James shows considerable sympathy for anarchism’s causes, even though terrorism threatens high art and culture. I also hope to show that fiction can provide excellent source material for studying the cultural imaginary of terrorism and, by extension, make a bid for the inclusion of literature scholars under the umbrella of Critical Terrorism Studies.