Progressive Taxation: Applying Hayek's Constraint

That progressive taxation might offset a disproportionate burden of indirect taxes upon low income households sits at the heart of a suggestion from Friedrich Hayek. This concerns the manner in which a degree of progression might be accommodated and constrained to preclude arbitrary tax hikes upon minority income groups. While Hayek's proposal is permissive of socialist aims, it looks for efficiency in resource usage as reflected in the aspiration ‘that each should feel that in the aggregate all the collective goods which are applied to him are worth at least as much as the contribution he is required to make’.     

明末清初的平和窑青花瓷绘艺术初探

明末清初的平和窑青花瓷绘艺术,是当时那个历史时期所产生的艺术现象,它们的出现主宰着当时陶瓷装饰的流行走向,在装饰风格上存在着重所描绘物象的精神实质,重作者主观感兴的抒发,重意念的表现,因而较多地采用减笔画法。对于这种减笔画法,我们不能简单地把它理解为单纯的“形式”问题。当我们谈及明末清初的平和窑青花瓷绘艺术的时候,应该把它们看作是那个历史时期多种因素制约下的精神物化现象,并从中探究其风格的本质意义。     

What Mr. Spock told the earthlings: the aims of political philosophy,action-guidingness and fact-dependency

Abstract

Recently, G. A. Cohen introduced an influential distinction between fact-sensitive and fact-insensitive principles arguing that all basic normative principles are of the latter type. David Miller rejects this claim submitting that the validity of basic normative political principles depends on some general propositions about human nature and societies; for example, that men’s generosity is ‘confined’ and that nature has made ‘scanty provision’ for his wants. Miller ties this view of the nature of basic political principles to the view that political philosophy ought to guide people engaged in real-world politics and claims plausibly that in order to fulfil this purpose, political philosophy must be informed by social science. I argue that Miller neither succeeds in showing that basic principles can be fact-sensitive, nor establishes any connection between the Cohen-Miller disagreement on fact-sensitivity, on the one hand, and the nature and aims of political philosophy, on the other hand.     

我国取保候审措施存在的问题及其对策

我国刑事诉讼法规定的非羁押强制措施之一取保候审，它的实施应有其良好的法律效果和社会效果。但实践中的操作程序不完善和缺乏监督等问题，使取保候审的作用得不到应有的发挥。对取保候审中存在的问题，应根据实际情况予以具体分析对待。     

Determination of salvinorin A and salvinorin B in Salvia divinorum-related products circulated in Japan

Two major salvinorins, salvinorin A (SalA) and salvinorin B (SalB), in three Salvia divinorum dried leaf products and nine of its “concentrated extract” products circulated in Japan were determined. These ingredients were extracted twice with acetonitrile and decolored with graphite carbon powder. SalA and SalB were confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in product ion scan mode, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (for SalA) and by mass spectrometry in single ion monitoring mode (for SalB). The SalA/SalB contents (μg/mg) were in the range of 3.2–5.0/0.10–0.17 in the dried leaf products and 4.1–38.9/0.26–2.42 in the “concentrated extract” products. These findings would be useful for analysis of S. divinorum-related products circulated in the drug market.     

A Thorny Issue

正Recurring credit crunches in the banking system has exposed problems that require institutional reform China’s banking system suffered another credit crunch at the end of 2013.On December 19,trading in the high-value payment system was extended by an extra half an hour,followed by rumors of breaches of contract among banks.Although relevant departments clarified the rumors,interbank     

A Weaker Union

正True love,freedom of choice and even wealth drive recent surge in divorce rate Wu Minqiang,70,has devoted a significant part of his life to providing free marriage counseling for couples considering a divorce.     

家兔死后心肌酰胺A带的傅里叶变换红外光谱图像分析

目的 应用傅里叶变换红外光谱成像系统研究家兔心肌酰胺A带变化与死亡时间的关系.方法 将32只家兔处死后取出心脏,20℃保存,于48h内不同时间点取样并制作切片.用傅里叶变换红外光谱成像系统绘制酰胺A带图像,分析研究死后酰胺A带阳性与阴性面积比的变化规律. 结果 48h内随死亡时间(x)的延长,酰胺A带的阳性与阴性面积比...     

王枣子乙素聚乳酸纳米粒的制备与质量评价

目的 对王枣子乙素聚乳酸纳米粒制备工艺和含量测定方法进行研究,并对其进行质量评价.方法 用自乳化溶剂扩散法制得王枣子乙素聚乳酸纳米粒,并对其粒径、形态、表面电位、包封率等进行研究.结果 所得王枣子乙素聚乳酸纳米粒粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(120±10.6)nm,Zeta电位为-17.6 mV,平均包封率为(90.38±...     

Determination of an effective housekeeping gene for the quantification of mRNA for forensic applications

The potential application of mRNA for the identification of biological fluids using molecular techniques has been a recent development in forensic serology. Constitutively expressed housekeeping genes can assess the amount of mRNA recovered from a sample, establish its suitability for downstream applications, and provide a reference point to corroborate the identity of the fluid. qPCR was utilized to compare the expression levels of housekeeping genes from forensic-like body fluid stains to establish the most appropriate assessment of human mRNA quantity prior to profiling. Although variability was observed between fluids and individuals, results indicated that beta-2 microglobulin exhibited the highest expression for all body fluids examined and across donors. A one-way analysis of variance was performed for housekeeping gene variability between donors (at the α, 0.05, significance level), and the results indicated significant differences for semen, vaginal secretions, and menstrual blood.